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Definitions (18)
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ductility
The ability of a material to deform plastically before fracture.
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elastic limit
The greatest stress that a material is capable of sustaining without any permanent deformation remaining upon complete release of stress.
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elongation at break or total elongation
The amount of plastic or permanent deformation determined after fracture by realigning and fitting together the broken ends of the specimen.
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elongation at fracture or maximum elongation
The elongation at the time of fracture, including both plastic and elastic deformation of the tensile specimen. Usually determined by keeping an extensometer on the specimen through break.
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engineering strain
– A dimensionless value that is the change in length per unit length of the original linear dimension along the loading axis of the specimen. This is frequently expressed in inches per inch or percent.
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gage length
The original length of that portion of the specimen over which strain or change in length is determined.
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hardness
The resistance of a material to deformation, particularly permanent deformation, indentation, or scratching.
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hooke’s law
Within certain force limits, the stress in a material is proportional to the strain that produced it.
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mechanical properties
Those properties of a material that are associated with the elastic and plastic reaction when force is applied.
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offset yield strength
The engineering stress at which, by convention, it is considered that plastic elongation of the specimen has commenced. Offset yield strength is determined by constructing a line parallel to the linear elastic region of the stress-strain curve and shifting it in the strain direction an amount specified as a percentage of gage length.
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