An inactive substance incorporated in modern vaccines which stimulates recognition of the active components to give an improved immune response. Back to top

Also known as epinephrine this hormone raises the heart rate and constricts blood vessels. Adrenaline is chemically synthesised and used medically as the drug of choice to reverse anaphylaxis. Back to [..]

Allergens are proteins which trigger the immune system of an allergic person to produce unwanted symptoms. Examples include grass and tree pollens, house-dust mites and foods such as shellfish and cow [..]

Exaggerated or inappropriate reactions of the immune system, medically described as hypersensitivity to specific substances. Back to top

Also known as anaphylactic shock, this is the most acute reaction to an allergen, resulting from a widespread release of histamine and other biologically active substances which in turn cause breathin [..]

Also known as immunoglobulins (Ig),  these are proteins found in the blood, which are part of the body's defence system, that recognise a foreign substance (termed an antigen) and then reacts wit [..]

A substance which triggers an immune response as part of the body's protection against foreign substances or organisms. Back to top

Antihistamines comprise a group of chemical agents which block the effects of histamine. Histamine is released by mast cells in the body as a response to an allergic reaction. Back to top

A chronic, inflammatory lung disease characterised by breathing difficulties. Acute episodes occur ('asthma attacks') from an impairment in breathing caused by a severe narrowing of airways [..]

A rash or inflammation of the skin caused by repeated direct contact with a substance. Examples include: detergent residues on clothes, nickel (watch straps and bracelets), rubber gloves and some cosm [..]