The science and business of producing crops and/or livestock that provides food, fabric, and fuel.

Using molecular or cellular biology techniques to advance genetic improvement of plants or animals to enhance their productivity.

A soil bacterium used in biotechnology to transfer genes to plant cells as a result of its ability to naturally transfer DNA into a plant host.

An alternative version, or variant, of a given gene.

A soil microorganism that is used as a biological insecticide by farmers—including organic farmers—to control pests. Additionally, the cry gene from this microorganism has been engineered into some crops to confer insect resistance.

To engineer or alter the metabolism of a plant to produce higher levels of a specific nutrient.

The practice of using tools from cellular biology, molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry to improve genetic attributes of plants, animals, and other organisms.

The human-facilitated mating of plants or animals with the objective of genetic improvement through selection.

Determines the inheritance of traits; made up of  proteins and a molecule of DNA combined in a long, threadlike structure.

Crop production from elite plant lines, maximized with inputs such as insecticides, herbicides, or fertilizers.