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Definitions (38)
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base rate
The prevalence (i.e., percentage) of people with a disorder in a sample For example, if 20 people in a sample of 100 have dysphagia the base rate of dysphagia in this sample is 20%.
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baseline
A benchmark, measurement, or calculation used as a basis for comparison
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bias
Systematic deviation of study results from the true results, because of the way(s) in which the study was conducted
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blinding/masking/concealment
The practice of keeping investigators or subjects of a study ignorant of the group to which a subject has been assigned as a means of minimizing bias
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case series
An uncontrolled description of events and outcomes for a sequence of individual cases (i.e., patients, clients, or students)
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case study
An uncontrolled observational (descriptive) report of events and outcomes in a single case
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case-control study
A retrospective, observational study comparing a group of people with a disorder (cases) and a group of people free of the disorder (controls) to determine whether differences in the groups' prev [..]
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clinical practice guideline
A statement or recommendation developed by a group of experts to assist practitioners and clients with clinical decision making. Clinical practice guidelines may or may not be based on a systematic re [..]
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cohort study
An observational study in which a sample of participants is followed over time in an effort to determine the factors leading to different outcomes
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confidence interval
For a certain value of a variable in a sample, a confidence interval is a range of values within which the value of that variable in the population is thought to lie with a specified probability For t [..]
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