Where the acquisition of a new language does not replace the first language; instead the first language is promoted and developed.

A broad term used to cover the range of fields in English language teaching and learning.

Definition

The language learners need to understand and use in order to carry out cognitively complex activities and to achieve success academically. Used in textbooks, tests and in formal classroom discourse. 

Bilingualism which occurs when becoming bilingual helps learners to develop positive attitudes to their native language and themselves. 

A way of learning a language by doing activities. The ‘rules’ of the language are looked at either after the activity or not at all.

Everyday communication or conversational fluency in a language – the communication associated with routine social interactions. *Cummins 'Bilingualism and Special Education' (1984) 

A learner who uses two or more languages to communicate and has access to more than one language at home and at school.

A learner who can read and write in two languages.

This term is most commonly used where standard teaching exists alongside e-learning combining classroom lessons with online activities.