A harmful, cancer-causing chemical made by certain types of Aspergillus mold that may be found on poorly stored grains and nuts. Consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxin is an important risk factor for hepatocellular (liver) cancer

A rate for a specified age group, in which the numerator and denominator refer to the same age group.

A technique that facilitates comparison of incidence (or mortality) rates between populations or over time, adjusting for any differences in the age distributions of the general population in the countries or regions being compared. Age standardization can also be used to facilitate comparison of cancer survival between populations or over time: th [..]

A natural material that is made of tiny fibers and used in insulation and as a fire retardant. Asbestos exposure is an important risk factor for cancer, especially mesothelioma (lining of the chest, abdomen and heart) and also lung cancer.

An abnormal growth that is not cancer and does not spread to other areas of the body.

A synthetic organic compound formerly used as an intermediate in some manufacturing processes, and an important risk factor for bladder cancer. Its production and commercial use, with the exception of limited laboratory use, has been banned in most countries.

A measure of a person’s weight in relation to his or her height, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.

An institution that performs the systematic collection and maintenance of a file or register of all cancer cases occurring in a defined population. Registries continuously and systematically collect information from various data sources on the personal characteristics of cancer patients (e.g. age, sex, and race) and the clinical and pathological ch [..]

Programs organized at a national or regional level that aim to decrease the incidence and mortality of a specific type of cancer by identifying precancerous lesions or tumors at an early stage, when they can be effectively treated. Programs usually have: 1) an explicit policy; 2) a team responsible for organizing the screening and delivering approp [..]