A system in which medical doctors and other health care professionals use evidence-based conventional treatments to treat symptoms and disease.

Flat, thin cells found in the outer layer of skin.

The use of electrodes, which are devices (like wires) that conduct electricity, to remove diseased tissue, like tumours.

A doctor specialising in the diagnosis and treatment of hormone disorders.

Cancer of the vagina. It is uncommon, but is sometimes found in women whose mothers took the drug diethylstilboestrol (DES) during pregnancy.

A a form of ‘keyhole' surgery that allows a thoracic surgeon to take biopsies, remove fluid, or in some cases remove the whole lobe containing the lung cancer (called a VATS lobectomy).

A blood vessel that takes blood towards the heart.

A catheter placed into a vein for the duration of treatment. Drugs can be delivered through the VAD, and blood withdrawn.

A moving X-ray of swallowing, recorded on video.

See larynx.