an organisation formed by a group of individuals with the aim of accomplishing a defined purpose. Such organisations may also be called voluntary organisations, voluntary associations and unincorporat [..]

rights that concern the production, development, and management of materials for the necessities of life. These are proclaimed in the UDHR and safeguarded by the ICESCR and the European Social Charter [..]

(irrational) fear of foreigners, of persons from other countries or of things foreign generally. Xenophobia can lead to discrimination, racism, violence and even armed conflict against foreigners.

replaces the classic two-stage process of signing and ratifying a treaty that is already in effect. By acceding to the treaty, a state is immediately bound by it. An example where the idea of accessio [..]

a process which requires government to show, explain and justify how it has fulfilled its obligations to the people.

to publicly support or suggest an idea, a development or way of doing something.

action taken by government or private businesses to make up for past discrimination in, for example, education and work against, for instance, women, those of specific races, ethnic groups, religions [..]

(African Charter, sometimes also referred to as the Banjul Charter); a regional human rights treaty for the African continent adopted by the Organisation of Africa Unity (OAU) in 1981.

(American Convention); a human rights treaty adopted by the Organisation for American States (OAS) in 1969. It covers North, Central and South America.

fear, hatred, resentment, suspicion, prejudice, discrimination or unfair treatment of people of Jewish origin or those who confess Judaism. Modern forms of antisemitism include Holocaust denial.