is a compound created when chlorine is added to water containing ammonia. It is not as strong a disinfectant as chlorine and requires much longer contact time in order to destroy bacteria and viruses. [..]

is the most common disinfectant used in drinking water treatment. It is an oxidant and is very effective in destroying bacteria and viruses.

is a powerful oxidant used in disinfection but it is more difficult to handle than other forms of chlorine. It must be generated on-site and requires trained staff to manage it.

is the amount of total chlorine maintained in treated drinking water as it travels through a distribution system. It can be free chlorine, combined chlorine (chloramines), or a combination of both.

is a measurement of the amount of chloramines produces as a result of the reaction of chlorine with ammonia present in water.

is a measurement of the amount of the chlorine available after a portion has been used up in reactions with the substances present in water.

is a measurement of both free and combined chlorine.

are naturally occurring bacteria used as an indicator of whether water is safe for human consumption. While most coliform bacteria are harmless, their presence indirectly suggests that disease-causing [..]

are a group of coliform bacteria that are found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and humans and are shed in feces. The species of fecal coliform, called Escherichia coli (E. coli), is of part [..]

is a measure of the amount of coliform bacteria found in a water sample and is used as an indicator that contamination may have occurred or that water treatment processes are not working properly. Thi [..]