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Definitions (152)
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cold end
The name given to the stage in glass production involving processing when the glass is cold. Cold end processes include grinding, engraving, cutting, etc.
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float process
A method for the production of high-quality sheet glass whereby a ribbon of molten glass is fed across a bath of heated liquid, usually molten tin, in a carefully controlled atmosphere. The process was developed by the UK firm Pilkington Brothers.
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acid etching
This process for the decoration of glass involves the application of hydrofluoric acid to the glass surface. Hydrofluoric acid vapours or baths of hydrofluoric acid salts may be used to give glass a matt, frosted appearance (similar to that obtained by surface sandblasting), as found in lighting glass.
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acid polishing
A process used in the production of cut crystal to remove the opacity of etched surfaces where decoration has been applied. Items to be polished are immersed in a mixture of demineralized water, sulphuric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and then rinsed. There may be a single short immersion in a stronger solution or, alternatively, a series of immersio [..]
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acid stamping
The process of acid etching a trademark or signature into glass after it has been annealed, using a device that resembles a rubber stamp.
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air trap
An air-filled void, which may be of almost any shape. Air traps in stems are frequently tear-shaped or spirally twisted.
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alkali-borosilicate glass
A special glass used for glass-to-metal seals, particularly suitable when electrical qualities are not important.
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alumina-silicate glass
Alumina (aluminium oxide Al2O3) is added to the glass batch in the form of commonly found feldspars containing alkalis in order to help improve chemical resistance and mechanical strength, and to increase viscosity at lower temperatures.
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alumina-silicate glass
A special glass used for glass-to-metal seals, particularly suitable when operating temperatures of electrical components are high (up to 750°C).
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