Orchard where trees are grown for seed production rather than timber.

A type of extraction by cable crane using a fixed overhead line wire.

Removal of the lower dead branches, up to about two metres, of trees in a stand.

Term used in connection with ecological succession, in this case the point when stable vegetation cover is reached, e.g. forest.

Planting a new crop below an existing crop with the intention that it will eventually succeed the older crop.

See systematic thinning.

Forest management that delivers multiple benefits eg. social, economic, environmental.

Establishment of plantations on treeless land.

Layer of living cells just under bark and at growing tips of shoots and roots, from which new growth develops.

The comparatively clear ground under a closed-canopy forest.