Rainwater or snow containing sulphur and nitrogen compounds and other pollutants associated with industrialization. See also  Acidification

The lowering of pH in soils or water. Commonly associated with changes caused by external processes such as acid precipitation and acidic runoff.

Material such as  clay,  silt,  sand, and  gravel deposited by modern rivers and streams.

A group of crustaceans that includes e.g. freshwater shrimps.

Used to describe fish that spawn in fresh water after spending most of their lives in the sea. The best-known anadromous fish are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea an [..]

The development and testing of an integrated assessment system for the  ecological quality of streams and rivers throughout Europe using  Benthic macroinvertebrates. See also www.aqem.de

Macroscopic animals without backbones ("invertebrates") that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye ("macro", e.g., > 0.5 mm). At least one stage within its life cycle i [..]

A water-bearing layer of soil,  sand,  gravel, or rock that will yield usable quantities of water to a well.

Bayesian (posterior predictive) inference is a branch of statistical inference that permits the use of prior knowledge for assessing the probability of model parameters in the presence of new data. Ba [..]

Submerged or emerged embankment of  Sand,  Gravel, or other unconsolidated material built in shallow water by waves and currents.