a scientific and mathematical method of three-dimensional representation developed by Filippo Brunelleschi (1376 -1446) at the beginning of the 15th century. Relative to the observer, all the convergi [..]

A building and stone-cutting technique which evolved in Florence is attributed to Brunelleschi. Sections called ornaments (door- and window-frames, elements proportioning walls, e.g. pilasters, engage [..]

A work of art which represents some abstract quality or idea, either by means of a single figure (personification) or by grouping objects and figures together. Renaissance allegories make frequent all [..]

A picture or sculpture that stands on or is set up behind an altar. The term reredos is used for an ornamental screen or partition, not directly attached to the altar table but affixed to the wall beh [..]

one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, chosen personally by him from amongst his large crowd of followers in order to continue his work and preach the gospels.

A semicircular projection, roofed with a half-dome, at the east end of a church behind the altar. Smaller subsidiary apses may be found around the choir or transepts. Also known as an exedra. The adje [..]

A mountainous area of Greece. In Greek and Roman literature, a place where a contented life of rural simplicity is lived; an earthly paradise peopled by shepherds.

An international style at the turn of the century present in fine arts, industrial design and architecture. Its name varied from country to country (Jugendstil, Art Nouveau, Style 1900, etc.). It is c [..]

A symbolic object which is conventionally used to identify a particular person, usually a saint. In the case of martyrs, it is usually the nature of their martyrdom.

A rail supported by a row of small posts or open-work panels.