In a cascaded method call, we use the result returned by one method (a reference to an object) to immediatley call another method. If we declare String s = "foo";

it returns a result of "GOO"

is called on the object s

; the cascaded method call immediately calls replace

Cascaded method calls is similar to composition of functions in mathematics.

A checked exception is a sublcass of Throwable but not of RunTimeException. Such exceptions generally indicate an extra-logical failure (one not related to programming errors; e.g. EndOfFileException) [..]

A Java keyword that describes whether/how some class member can be referred to (accessed). Common access modifiers are public

, protected

, and final

A Java method that examines the state of an object but does not change it is called an accessor Accessors typically return a result (otherwise, calling one would produce not visible effect). Accessors [..]