One of the chemicals called ketones. These are produced when there is too little insulin present and the body uses fat for energy. Acetone can be smelt on the breath when the level of ketones is raised. Acetone in the urine usually means that more insulin is needed.

Drugs that inhibit an enzyme (angiotensin converting enzyme) in the kidneys that increases the blood pressure.

Shifting of the pH in the blood towards being acidic.

Small organ situated above the kidneys that produces a number of different hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol.

Bodily symptoms of hypoglycemia caused mainly by adrenaline.

a protein that is in most animal tissues. The presence of albumin in the urine may be a sign of kidney or bladder infection or early kidney damage.

Drugs that can affect nerve damage caused by diabetes.

To study the condition of diabetes and its clinical and legal complexities.

Cells in the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that produce the hormone glucagon.

Produced by the immune defense system to destroy viruses and bacteria.