A family of DNA viruses that is used as a vehicle for the delivery of genes in many forms of gene-therapy.

One of the alternative versions of a gene (i.e variation in DNA sequence) that occurs at a specific chromosomal locus (site).

In the environment. Commonly used: “ambient temperature” = temperature in the current environment.

A type of bisphosphonate drug, which is (ironically) a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and also a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) – a process that is necessary for new bone formation.

An animal sufficiently like humans in it anatomy, physiology, or response to an injury that is used in medical research in order to obtain information that can be extrapolated to human medicine.

The formation of new blood vessels.

The property of preventing the formation of blood vessels.

Typically a foreign (not naturally occurring in the body) protein that is capable of stimulating an immune response.

Inhibiting or preventing growth and spread of tumors.

A genetically determined self-destruction of cells that is thought to exist to mediate the orderly elimination of unnecessary cells. Frequently described as “programmed cell death.”