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Definitions (22)
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excitation/absorption
Excitation means to energize atoms and molecules, or shift from a low-energy state to a high-energy state. An "excited" state is produced, for example, by applying ultraviolet light to a flu [..]
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photobleaching
A phenomenon where the fluorescent signal intensity irreversibly decays when a fluorescent protein is continuously illuminated. There are two techniques to observe the inside of a cell using photoblea [..]
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numerical aperture
An index to measure the resolution of a microscope's objective lens. Defined as a numeric value, it represents the range over which the objective lens can gather light. The greater the numeric va [..]
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aberration
The blurring or distortion of an image in the optical system of a microscope. It is classified into monochromatic and color aberration. Monochromatic has five types - spherical, comatic, astigmatism, [..]
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immunostaining
A technique to visualize antigen-antibody reaction, which is normally invisible. This clarifies the localization of an antigenic substance in a tissue or cell. For antibodies, fluorescent reagents, fe [..]
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ips cell
An induced pluripotent stem cell. This type of stem cell is produced through cultivation after induced pluripotent factors are introduced into differentiated and matured body cells. As a master cell, [..]
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es cell
An embryonic stem cell. A fertilized egg reaches the stage called blastocyst about a week after fertilization. An ES cell can be obtained by cultivating an inner cell mass of an embryo during the blas [..]
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hela cell
The oldest human-derived cell line. This cancer cell has been cultivated after being derived from a cervical cancer patient, Henrietta Lacks, in the United States in 1951. This cell has been widely us [..]
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localization
Existence in a limited or partial space. For example, localization of biofunctional molecules such as proteins in cells can be visualized using a confocal laser microscope.
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fish method
An acronym for fluorescence in situ hybridization. This is a kind of chromosomal analysis and is used to locate genes in chromosomes through hybridization with the genes using nucleic-acid probes. Com [..]
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