The difference in the risk for disease or death between an exposed population and an unexposed population. Absolute risk reduction (ARR)

A summarizing procedure for a statistical measure in which the effects of differences in composition of the populations being compared have been minimized by statistical methods.

Statistical dependence between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. An association may be fortuitous or may be produced by various other circumstances; the presence of an associati [..]

Deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. See also Referral Bias, Selection Bias

A study in which observer(s) and/or subjects are kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned, as in an experimental study, or of the population from which the subjects come, as in a [..]

Report of a number of cases of disease.

Retrospective comparison of exposures of persons with disease with those of persons without the disease (See Retrospective study).

A report on a series of patients with an outcome of interest. No control group is involved.

Control Event Rate: see Event Rate.

The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Most of epidemiology concerns causality and several types of causes can be distinguished. It must be emphasized, however, that epidemiological evide [..]