Small or large disfigurations in a fasteners such as pits, tool marks, voids, laps, folds, etc. Minor discontinuities are typically allowed, major as defined by various military specifications, MS, AN [..]

Typically refers to standard sheet metal screw points. Sharp point, fewer threads and deeper than a type “AB” sheet metal screw. A standard off the shelf sheet metal screw in 18-8, some 316ss and carb [..]

Sharp point, finer thread than a type “A”, thread dimensions similar to a type “B” sheet metal screw. Not a common thread in stainless steel, but is available as a special.

Stands for Army/Navy. AN Bolts, AN Washers, AN Screws

American National Standards Institute

American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Typical standards for fasteners and related products. ANSI B18.3 Socket Heads, ANSI B18.2.1 Hex Heads, ANSI B18.6.3 Nuts, ANSI B18.2.2 Nuts, etc.

American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM A193 Hex Heads, ASTM A194 Hex Nuts, etc. ASTM F593 Hex Heads, ASTM F594 Hex Nuts

To use heat treatment methods over time to increase material strengths.

To use heat treatment methods to reduce material hardness.