pest density of an increasing infestation used to initiate control measures; may be based on experiencerather than experimentation and require readjustment when density/damage relationships are better [..]

a sample curated for later reference; purpose to ensure correct identification and maintain the capability to verify objects under study even if taxonomic revisions occur

pest management practices that rely upon manipulation of the cropping environment (e.g., cultivation of weeds harboring insect pests or natural enemies)

(larva) - a larva resembling a wireworm with a slender body, heavily sclerotized, with short thoracic legs and only a few body bristles (Glossary of PM)

(larva) - caterpillar; a larva with a cylindrical body, well-developed head, and with both thoracic legs and some

a division of insects where the mouth has a haustellum, or proboscis adapted for sucking and lapping food; typical of many flies

posterior of the two basic parts of the body of a mite or tick, bearing the legs and most internal organs (Glossary of PM)

living conducting tissue of a plant, a system basically composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, fibers and sclereids to convey the products of photosynthesis, particularly sucrose, from the leaves t [..]

(larva) - grublike larva with a thickened cylindrical body, well-developed head and thoracic legs without abdominal prolegs, usually C-shaped

finely particulate inert material (e.g. kaolin) containing pesticide that forms a stable (semi-permanent) suspension when added to water (may require tank agitation to maintain suspension) (Glossary o [..]