Brush, fallen trees, bridge pilings, or anything else that allows the current to sweep through but pins boots and boaters. These are lethal.

Pertaining to material carried or laid down by running water. Alluvium is the material deposited by streams. It includes gravel, sand, silt, and clay.

Turning the raft from a ferry angle to a stem-downstream position. Used in tight places to recover from an extreme ferry angle, this maneuver narrows the passing space of the boat and allows it to sli [..]

A broad reversal such as that formed below a dam or ledge.

An accumulation of sand, gravel, or rock in the river channel or along the banks.

A 15-foot military-surplus raft-constructed of an upper and a lower buoyancy tube; the upper tube flares outward, giving the boat a bowl- or basket-like appearance.

The width of a raft at its widest point.

To wrap a line around a rock or tree so as to slow or stop Slippage. This technique allows one man to hold a line under great pull.

Downriver from.

Large Volume, fast current, big waves, often accompanied by huge reversals and extreme general turbulence. The terms big water and heavy water are closely similar, but big water carries stronger sugge [..]