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Definitions (56)

1

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baltimore clipper


A colloquial name for fast-sailing twomasted schooners and brigantines built at Fells Point and other shipyards in Baltimore, Maryland. Similar ships used for privateering were also built in other locations of the Chesapeake Bay, such as St. Michaels, Maryland.
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bivouac


A temporary encampment, often in an unsheltered area.
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block sloop


Essentially a floating battery where speed was sacrificed to carry heavy guns. They typically had high bulwarks to provide protection to crew and to resist boarders. The Chesapeake Flotilla block sloop was approximately 50 feet in length, had an 18-foot beam, and was outfitted with one mast and two sails.
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bomb


Hollow spherical cast iron projectile principally used in mortars. Gunpowder was inserted into a tapered filling fuse hole. The fuse was ignited by the gun blast. A thirteen-inch shell weighed 207 pounds when fully charged; a ten-inch shell weighed 96 pounds. Cast lug eyes next to the fuse hole enabled a tackle fitted with a special tong to hoist t [..]
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bomb ship


A small, ship-rigged sloop-of-war primarily armed with one thirteen-inch and one ten-inch bore mortar placed in tandem directly upon separate massive wooden structures located just below the gun deck to absorb the massive shock of the mortars when fired.
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brig


Type of sailing vessel with two square-rigged masts considered fast and maneuverable and used as both naval warships and merchant vessels.
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broadside


The firing of all guns on one side of a vessel as nearly simultaneously as possible.
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canister


Anti-personnel scatter-shot for cannon consisting of musket balls packed into a sheet metal cylinder closed at each end by a tight-fitting iron disc held in place by crimped tabs at the ends of the cylinder. Chain links, scraps of metal, shards of glass, rocks, etc. were also sometimes used. On firing, the balls spread out from the muzzle at high v [..]
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carronade


A type of short, light-weight cannon capable of firing a relatively heavy-caliber shot. Typically carried on the upper deck of a ship for short-range use. Named after Carron Ironworks, Scotland, where it was first made in the 1780s.
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cartridge


Packaged powder charge: for cannon, contained in a flannel bag sized to fit snugly into the main bore or chamber; for portable firearms, wrapped in paper, which usually contained the ball and a felt wad.
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