Two variables are associated if some of the variability of one can be accounted for by the other. In a scatterplot of the two variables, if the scatter in the values of the variable plotted on the ver [..]

An event is certain if its probability is 100%. Even if an event is certain, it might not occur. However, by the complement rule, the chance that it does not occur is 0%.

A distribution with more than one mode. The histogram of a multimodal distribution has more than one "bump."

A box of numbered tickets, in which each ticket is numbered either 0 or 1. See box model.

See transformation.

A valid logical argument that concludes from the premise A → B and the premise A that therefore, B is true. The name comes from the fact that the argument affirms (i.e., asserts as true) the anteceden [..]

A logical fallacy that argues from the premise A → B and the premise B that therefore, A is true. The name comes from the fact that the argument affirms (i.e., asserts as true) the consequent (B) in t [..]

In hypothesis testing, a null hypothesis (typically that there is no effect) is compared with an alternative hypothesis (typically that there is an effect, or that there is an effect of a particular s [..]

An operation on two logical propositions. If p and q are two propositions, (p & q) is a proposition that is true if both p and q are true; otherwise, (p & q) is false. The operation & is s [..]

The up-front cost of a bet: the money you must pay to play the game. From Latin for "before."