to hold a garment/item together temporarily using large running stitches in order to check fit and stop fabric slipping before permanent stitching.

A quilting term for when the wadding comes through onto the top of the quilt.

Narrow strips of fabric used to neaten edges of hems and quilts. Can be handmade or bought ready to use.

a narrow strip of material which is sewn around the edge of a quilt, bag or item of clothing. The fabric for the binding can be cut on the straight grain or on the bias.

 This is when you turn up the edge of a garment and stitch so they are hidden from the surface/outside of the garment.

Boning is stiff metal or plastic strips that are used for support. It is normally used in strapless dresses or corsets, but boning can also be used for such things as stabilizing a square neckline, shaping a waist area, and even helping form a sleeve.

This is a form of appliqué, where designs or motifs (a bird or a flower, for example) are cut from a piece of printed fabric and then sewn onto another piece of fabric. It can be useful for ‘rescuing’ elements of a patterned fabric that is damaged, or for highlighting parts of a pattern that may be lost if the patterned fabric is too ‘busy’. [..]

The tangled loops of stitching on the bobbin side of the fabric that result from improper tension when machine sewing.

s - A sewn hole in the fabric made deliberately to allow buttons to pass through to fasten the item securely closed. Can be worked by hand or machine (with or without specialist foot).  The picture below shows a buttonhole foot for a Janome TXL607.