See Run

Chadwick describes two classes of amateurs; the first class are highly skilled (a club’s first, and maybe second, nine), and second class are unskilled but are better than muffins.

In the modern game an appeal is a claim of violation of the rules made by the defense. In the vintage period, virtually all calls made by the umpire, including calls on the bases, were by appeal, the players typically calling for “judgment” .The exceptions were balks, fouls ball, and the calling of balls (1864) and strikes (1858), which the rules s [..]

The most experienced players of a nine, not only physically active and expert, but mentally quick, and shrewd in judgment of the “points” in the game.

Slang terms for bat. The most common 19th century term was the bat. The term willow is an anachronism for our era, as it emerged as a term for bat only in the 1870s.

A balk or baulk is committed when the pitcher fails to deliver a ball after making any of the preliminary movements to deliver it; if he steps outside the lines of his position, before the ball leaves his hand, when in the act of pitching; or, if he jerks or throws the ball to the batsman. (By 1864, it was also a balk if the pitcher had either foot [..]

The period term is the ball. The terms Apple, Pill, Onion, and Horsehide are all 20th century slang.

The period term is ball. Only in use after 1864, when called balls were introduced to the rules.

Slang term for a base ball player.

The period term is also the base. Although the rules specify the field bases be “canvas bags,” the slang terms of sacks or bags are from later.