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Definitions (59)
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35mm
A small format film, with an image size of 24 x 36mm available in 12, 24 or 36 exposures. It is the most commonly used film size, but does not offer the quality of medium or large format, because this small negative must be enlarged quite a bit in the darkroom loosing it's clarity and sharpness.
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albumen
Introduced by Louis-Desiré Blanquart-Evrard in 1851. This printing process involves coating a sheet of paper with an egg-white derivative and then sensitizing the paper with a solution of silver nitrate. The paper is then put in direct contact with the negative and exposed to sunlight to create a photographic print. Many albumen photographs were to [..]
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ambrotype
A collodion positive created by placing an underexposed, bleached glass collodion negative in front of a dark background, often cloth or lacquer, to give the image the appearance of a positive image. Patented in the United States in 1854 by James Ambrose Cutting. Popular 1850s-70s.
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archival pigment ink print
A print in which a digital file is outputted from a computer to an inkjet printer using archival quality paper and the image is printed with archival inks, which are UV stable and have a longevity of about 70-100 years.
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archival pigment ink print on organza
A print in which a digital file is outputted from a computer to an inkjet printer using archival quality paper and the image is printed with archival inks, which are UV stable and have a longevity of about 70-100 years.
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bromoil
This process was introduced in 1907 by E.J. Wall and eventually replaced the gum bichromate process. Once an enlargement was made on silver gelatin bromide paper, it was bleached in a solution of potassium bichromate to remove the black silver image. Then special brushes were used to apply greasy inks to pigment the surface of the gelatin.
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calotype
The earliest paper negative process, invented by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1840 and patented in 1841. The paper is treated with a silver nitrate and potassium iodide solution. After the paper is dried it is then sensitized using a new solution of silver nitrate, gallic acid and acetic acid. After the paper is exposed in the camera it is then fixe [..]
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carbon print
A pigment print is made by coating the paper with a layer of bichromated gelatin mixed with a carbon pigment. The paper is placed in direct contact with the negative and then exposed to light. The gelatin hardens according to how much light it receives. After exposure the paper is then put in contact with a fresh sheet of gelatin coated paper and t [..]
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chromogenic print
Also known as a "dye coupler print," this process was developed in the 1930's. Colored dyes are put on the emulsion in multiple layers and are sensitized to different wavelengths of light. During development, the silver image is bleached out, leaving only the dye image. This type of print uses Type-C paper.
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cibachrome
A process by which a photographic print is made directly from a color transparency. Although still widely used, the Cibachrome name was changed to Ilfochrome over a decade ago. This process's qualities include rich color, clarity and unprecedented archival quality for color prints. Cibachrome (now Ilfochrome) is the trade name originally given [..]
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