, and retainers' badges, which were simple, often inanimate charges

A kind of folding cap, consisting of two like parts, each stiffened by a lining and rising to a peak, these are sewn together on the sides, but are united above by a piece of material that can fold to [..]

With fleurs-de-lis

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General glossary

List of abbreviations engl.-English germ.-German it.-Italian lat.-Latin me.- Middle English mhg.- Middle High German of.-Old French

A polearm common to German-speaking areas, particularly used by the Swiss and Habsburgs: the wooden shaft is relatively short, and the weapon is equipped with a long square rod that is sharpened at th [..]

Part of military costume in the fourteenth century. A linen or leather jacket, worn under the mail hauberk

An extremely heavy crossbow, usually with a metal bow. Arbalests were too heavy to draw by hand, and required a windlass or cranequin.

A short musket like early firearm usually used in conjunction with pikes. The weapons were loaded at the muzzle, with smoothbore barrels.