Acid means sour. All acids are sour to some degree. Acidity is found in many natural ingredients such as vinegar, wine, lemon juice, sour-milk products, apples and rhubarb leaves. When used in a Jamaican marinades, acids  such as wine and lemon juice  are natural tenderizers because they break down connective tissue and cell walls. T

Sourness is found naturally in many foods. Wines, vinegars and lemon juice are many of the common acids used in cooking. These are natural tenderizers and help break down foods by marinating.

A class of compounds that can be corrosive when concentrated.  Weak acids, such as vinegar and citric acid, are common in foods.  Strong acids, such as muriatic (or hydrochloric), sulfuric and nitric acid have many industrial uses, and can be dangerous to those not familiar to handling them.  Acids are chemical "opposites" to bases, in th [..]

Acids give wine tartness. Several acids are in the grape before fermentation, and others arise afterward. Acids often make a wine seem “crisp” or “refreshing.”

Acids derived from Monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)

Triiodo-substituted derivatives of Benzoic Acid.

Salts and derivatives of undecylenic acid.

Fatty Acids in which the Carbon chain contains one or more double or triple Carbon-Carbon bonds.

5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.

Bacterial Polysaccharides that are rich in phosphodiester linkages. They are the major components of the Cell Walls and Membranes of many Bacteria.

Inorganic or organic oxy Acids of Sulfur which contain the general formula RS2O2H.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids that contain at least one double bond in the trans configuration, which results in a greater bond angle than the cis configuration. This results in a more extended fatty acid c [..]

Organic compounds that are acyclic and contain three acid groups. A member of this class is Citric Acid which is the first product formed by reaction of pyruvate and Oxaloacetate. (From Lehninger, Pri [..]

Oxy Acids of Sulfur with the general formula RSOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group such as CH3. They are often encountered as esters and halides. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Techn [..]

Any of the monobasic inorganic or organic Acids of Sulfur with the general formula RSO(OH). (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Inorganic or organic oxy Acids of Sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.

Inorganic or organic Acids that contain Sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The Salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as Sulfates and Sulfuric Acid Esters respectively.

Polyphenolic compounds with Molecular Weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (Astringents). The two ma [..]

Derivatives of Folic Acid (Pteroylglutamic Acid). In gamma-glutamyl linkage they are found in many Tissues. They are converted to Folic Acid by the action of pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase or synthesi [..]

A group of uridine Ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the Ribose moieties.

3-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic Acids.

2-Octylcyclopentaneheptanoic Acids. The Family of saturated Carbon-20 cyclic Fatty Acids that represent the Parent compounds of the Prostaglandins.

A group of guanine Ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each guanine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the Ribose moieties.

A group of Inosine Ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each Inosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the Ribose moieties.

Poly-2-methylpropenoic Acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and Plastics in the form of pellets and granules, as absorbent for biological materials and as filters; also as biological [..]

A group of Thymine Nucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each thymine nucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

A group of Cytosine Ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each Cytosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the Ribose moieties.

A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted Benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A group of compounds that are derivatives of heptanedioic acid with the general formula R-C7H11O4.

Derivatives of dihydroxyphosphine oxide (HP=O(OH)2).

Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric Acids are listed under Organophosphates.

Inorganic derivatives of Phosphorus trihydroxide (P(OH)3) and its tautomeric form dihydroxyphosphine oxide (HP=O(OH)2). Note that organic derivatives of Phosphonic Acids are listed under are Organopho [..]

Inorganic Acids that contain Phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.

A potent oxidant synthesized by the Cell during its normal Metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two Free Radicals, Nitric Oxide and the Superoxide Anion (Superoxides).

A group of compounds that are derivatives of phenylpyruvic acid which has the general formula C6H5CH2COCOOH, and is a metabolite of Phenylalanine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Fatty acid derivatives of Glycerophosphates. They are composed of Glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 Mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 Moles of Fatty Acids at the [..]

Amino Acids that contain Phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.

A group of Fatty Acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega Carbon. These Fatty Acids are believed to reduce Serum triglycerides, prevent [..]

A group of 16-Carbon Fatty Acids that contain no double bonds.

DNA analogs containing neutral amide backbone linkages composed of aminoethyl Glycine units instead of the usual phosphodiester linkage of deoxyribose groups. Peptide Nucleic Acids have high biologica [..]

High Molecular Weight Polymers containing a mixture of purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides chained together by Ribose or deoxyRibose linkages.

A group of Fatty Acids that contain 18 Carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 Carbon.

Naphthalene derivatives containing the -CH2CCO2H radical at the 1-position, the 2-position, or both. Compounds are used as Plant Growth Regulators to delay sprouting, exert Weed Control, thin Fruit, e [..]

Amino Acids with uncharged R groups or side chains.

2-, 3-, or 4-Pyridinecarboxylic Acids. Pyridine derivatives substituted with a carboxy group at the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. The 3-carboxy derivative (Niacin) is active as a Vitamin.

Inorganic Acids with a non metal, other than Carbon, attached to Hydrogen, or an acid radical containing no Carbon.

Compounds consisting of glucosamine and lactate joined by an Ether linkage. They occur naturally as N-acetyl derivatives in peptidoglycan, the characteristic polysaccharide composing bacterial Cell Wa [..]

14-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic Acids.

Fatty Acids which have the first unsaturated bond in the sixth position from the omega Carbon. A typical American Diet tends to contain substantially more omega-6 than Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many Tissues.

Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).

Fatty Acids which are unsaturated in only one position.

Keto Acids that are derivatives of 4-oxopentanoic Acids (levulinic acid).

Any chemical species which accepts an Electron-pair from a LEWIS BASE in a chemical bonding reaction.

Eighteen-Carbon Essential Fatty Acids that contain two double bonds.

Derivatives of Phosphatidic Acids that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.

T121

Heterocyclic Acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid).

A Family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)

Inorganic or organic derivatives of phosphinic acid, H2PO(OH). They include phosphinates and phosphinic acid esters.

DNA or RNA bound to a substrate thereby having fixed positions.

Acetic Acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

A complex mixture of dark colored hetero-polymeric phenolic compounds found in Humus; Coal; and Peat; resulting from the decomposition of organic matter, particularly dead Plants. They are soluble in [..]

A class of weak Acids with the general formula R-CONHOH.

Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.

Eicosatetraenoic Acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from Arachidonic Acid to a number of bi [..]

7-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic Acids.

A class of Acids containing a ring structure in which at least one atom other than Carbon is incorporated.

Term used to designate tetrahydroxy Aldehydic Acids obtained by oxidation of hexose sugars, i.e. Glucuronic Acid, galacturonic acid, etc. Historically, the name hexuronic acid was originally given to [..]

Tetrahydrofolates which are substituted by a formyl group at either the Nitrogen atom in the 5 position or the Nitrogen atom in the 10 position. N(5)-Formyltetrahydrofolate is Leukovorin (citrovorum f [..]

Fatty Acids found in the Plasma that are complexed with Serum Albumin for transport. These Fatty Acids are not in Glycerol ester form.

Hydrochloric Acid present in Gastric Juice.

Amino Acids that are not synthesized by the Human Body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.

Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the Diet. Examples are Linoleic Acids and Linolenic Acids.

Endogenous Amino Acids released by Neurons as excitatory Neurotransmitters. Glutamic Acid is the most common excitatory Neurotransmitter in the Brain. Aspartic Acid has been regarded as an excitatory [..]

Organic, monobasic Acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty Acids are saturated and unsaturated (Fatty Acids, Unsa [..]

12-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic Acids.

cis-13-Docosenoic Acids. 22-Carbon monounsaturated, monocarboxylic Acids.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant Fatty Acids found in Animal Lipids. (Stedman, 25th ed)

C22-Unsaturated Fatty Acids found predominantly in Fish Oils.

A collective term for a group of around nine geometric and positional isomers of Linoleic Acid in which the trans/cis double bonds are conjugated, where double bonds alternate with single bonds.

Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives. Act as activators of the indoleacetic acid oxidizing system, thereby producing a decrease in the endogenous level of bound indoleacetic acid in Plants.

A class of Amino Acids characterized by a closed ring structure.

Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A Cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.

A Family of organic compounds that are composed of a dihydrothiazine ring and a beta-lactam ring.

The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid Family of Bile Acids in man, usually conjugated with Glycine or Taurine. They act as Detergents to solubilize Fats for Intestinal Absorptio [..]

Acids, Salts, and derivatives of Clavulanic Acid (C8H9O5N). They consist of those beta-lactam compounds that differ from penicillin in having the Sulfur of the thiazolidine ring replaced by an Oxygen. [..]

A class of phenolic Acids related to Chlorogenic Acid, p-coumaric Acid, Vanillic acid, etc., which are found in Plant Tissues. It is involved in Plant Growth Regulation.

10-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic Acids.

Carboxylic Acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are Carbon.

Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes Amino Acids and Fatty Acids. Carboxylic Acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the basic structure RB(OH)2.

Amino Acids which have a branched Carbon chain.

4-Carbon Acids, Salts, and derivatives of Butyric Acid.

20-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic Acids.

Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of boric acid either B(OH)3 or, preferably H3BO3.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the general structure R2B(OH).

A group of Glycine Amides of aminobenzoic Acids.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.

A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic Acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions.

A group of 6-alkyl SALICYLIC Acids that are found in Anacardium and known for causing Contact Dermatitis.

Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino Acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form Proteins.

Aminobenzenesulfonic Acids. Organic Acids that are used in the manufacture of Dyes and Organic Chemicals and as reagents.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of aminohexanoic Acids.

Salts and esters of gentisic acid.

4-Carbon monounsaturated monocarboxylic Acids with the unsaturation in the 2 position.

Carboxylic Acids that have open-chain Molecular Structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures.

Dicarboxylic Acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-COOH) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-CHO).

Chemical compounds which yield Hydrogen Ions or Protons when dissolved in Water, whose Hydrogen can be replaced by Metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form Salts and Water (neutrali [..]

Eighteen Carbon Fatty Acids that comprise the great majority of Castor Oil, which is from the Seed of Ricinus.

Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutrali [..]

Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures.

Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-COOH) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-CHO).

Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon.

A class of acids containing a ring structure in which at least one atom other than CARBON is incorporated.

Inorganic acids with a non metal, other than carbon, attached to hydrogen, or an acid radical containing no carbon.

Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon. (12 Dec 1998)

A class of acids containing a ring structure in which atleast one atom other than carbon is incorporated. (12 Dec 1998)

Inorganic acids with a non metal, other than carbon, attached to hydrogen, or an acid radical containing no carbon. (12 Dec 1998)

In clay and glaze chemistry, the glass-formers, which combine with bases (fluxes) and neutrals (refractories or stabilizers). Source: Clay: A Studio Handbook

A class of compounds that can be corrosive when concentrated. Weak acids, such as vinegar and citric acid, are common in foods. Strong acids, such as muriatic (or hydrochloric), sulfuric and nitric ac [..]

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