Abstract expressionism is an art movement that originated in New York during the 1940s. The movement encompassed a wide variety of painting styles and techniques that emerged after World War II. Abstract expressionist paintings were non-representational and usually done on large canvases, and artists typically used large, loose brushstrokes and tex [..]

The African Commune of Bad Relevant Artists (AfriCOBRA) is a visual arts group that began in Chicago, Illinois, in 1968 under the leadership of artists Jeff Donaldson, Barbara Jones-Hogu, and Wadsworth Jarrell. The group wished to develop a new identity for African American art that would serve to uplift and strengthen the black community. Composed [..]

The African Commune of Bad Relevant Artists (AfriCOBRA) is a visual arts group that began in Chicago, Illinois, in 1968 under the leadership of artists Jeff Donaldson, Barbara Jones-Hogu, and Wadsworth Jarrell. The group wished to develop a new identity for African American art that would serve to uplift and strengthen the black community. Composed [..]

Clara Barton and her associates founded the American Red Cross in Washington, D.C. in 1881. It is an independent, humanitarian, volunteer-led organization that provides emergency relief and assistance to national and international disaster victims. The organization also serves as a medium of communication between members of the United States milita [..]

The American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color in the United States, known as the American Colonization Society, was formed in 1817 to help free black people emigrate from the United States to Africa. In 1822, the society created a colony in west Africa, which became the independent country of Liberia in 1847. More than ten thousand b [..]

The American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color in the United States, known as the American Colonization Society, was formed in 1817 to help free black people emigrate from the United States to Africa. In 1822, the society created a colony in west Africa, which became the independent country of Liberia in 1847. More than ten thousand b [..]

Noted playwright, poet, music critic, and writer Amiri Baraka (Everett LeRoi Jones) started the black arts movement (BAM) in 1965 as an artistic division of the Black Power movement. BAM encompassed music, literature, and the performing and visual arts. After the assassination of Malcolm X in February 1965, artists, playwrights, poets, writers, and [..]

The black feminism movement emerged in the early 1970s to address the impact of sexism, racism, and classism on the lives of black women and others. Women involved in the movement believed that the efforts of neither the Civil Rights movement nor the women's movement had incorporated the struggles for equality faced by women of color. Black fe [..]

Black nationalism is a social and political movement that promotes black unity and black independence. The roots of black nationalism emerged in the United States during the late eighteenth century when freed African Americans sought to identify with Africa and claim it as their homeland. In the 1920s, Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improveme [..]

The Black Power movement emerged during the Civil Rights movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s with the intention of promoting racial pride and black interests. The movement was not formally organized and had no central leader. The term "black power" was first used in the book Black Power, written by Richard Wright in 1959. The term [..]