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Definitions (36)
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nobel prize
a prestigious annual award given in six different categories to outstanding researchers, writers, and activists from around the world.
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acute stage
the polio stage after exposure to the poliovirus, when the virus is vigorously destroying cells and the body actively responds with fever, pain, muscle spasms, unconsciousness, or paralysis. Patients [..]
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anterior horn
the part of the central nervous system located at the top of the spinal column and base of the brain; location of the motor neurons most often destroyed by poliovirus.
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antibiotic
a chemical substance that can weaken or kill microorganisms (like bacteria and fungi) without significant harm to the person infected; not effective against viruses.
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antibody
a molecule produced by the body in response to a specific antigen; for example, the presence of the poliovirus in the blood provokes the body to create amino acid molecules (antibodies) to counteract [..]
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attenuation
the process of weakening a virus and reducing its harmfulness; accomplished by passing the virus through different animal hosts until it is no longer strong enough to cause infection.
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clinical trial
a research study using human volunteers to answer specific health questions. The clinical trials of the Salk vaccine used three groups: one received the vaccine, one received a placebo (harmless subst [..]
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dna
deoxyribonucleic acid; carrier of genetic information for most organisms; made up of chains of nucleotides.
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enzyme
a protein that produces or assists in creating change in substances; a catalyst.
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epidemic
when a disease occurs suddenly and spreads quickly through a community, with numerous people affected, and then disappears; polio epidemics occurred in the summer months.
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