The prevalence (i.e., percentage) of people with a disorder in a sample For example, if 20 people in a sample of 100 have dysphagia the base rate of dysphagia in this sample is 20%.

A benchmark, measurement, or calculation used as a basis for comparison

Systematic deviation of study results from the true results, because of the way(s) in which the study was conducted

The practice of keeping investigators or subjects of a study ignorant of the group to which a subject has been assigned as a means of minimizing bias

An uncontrolled description of events and outcomes for a sequence of individual cases (i.e., patients, clients, or students)

An uncontrolled observational (descriptive) report of events and outcomes in a single case

A retrospective, observational study comparing a group of people with a disorder (cases) and a group of people free of the disorder (controls) to determine whether differences in the groups' prev [..]

A statement or recommendation developed by a group of experts to assist practitioners and clients with clinical decision making. Clinical practice guidelines may or may not be based on a systematic re [..]

An observational study in which a sample of participants is followed over time in an effort to determine the factors leading to different outcomes

For a certain value of a variable in a sample, a confidence interval is a range of values within which the value of that variable in the population is thought to lie with a specified probability For t [..]