See amphiphile.

A reaction which proceeds from reactants to products via an activated complex in a sequence of elementary reactions. The overall rate equation cannot be deduced from the stoichiometry of the reaction and the reaction orders of intermediate reactions must be deduced experimentally, giving rise to the possibility of non-integer reaction orders.

The process by which the DNA double helix is copied. If the strands are separated, each single strand can act as a template for copying the other strand. Polymerisation is the process by which monomer molecules are joined to form polymer chains.

The process by which polymer chains are allowed to grow along template macromolecules for the greater part of their lifetime. A template is any molecule that acts as a pattern for the synthesis of a new molecule, and polymerization is the process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks or pol [..]

Also known as frequency factor and pre-exponential factor. It is the factor, conventionally designated A, which precedes the exponential term in the Arrhenius equation. It is dependent on temperature and represents the frequency of collision between reacting molecules. Its units vary according to the order of the reaction, having dimensions time–1 [..]

A compound containing an atom (or atoms) that can donate protons to water, forming hydronium ions (H3O+) . Also see base.

A type of transcription factor that enhances the transcription of a gene.

The biological molecule which ATP is usually synthesised from, and converts back to when it loses the third phosphate during hydrolysis, a process which also releases free energy.

A nucleotide that is of fundamental importance as a carrier of chemical energy in all living organisms. It consists of adenine linked D-ribose (i.e. adenosine); the D-ribose component bears three phosphate groups, linearly linked together by covalent bonds.

These are theoretical approaches that allow one to calculate molecular wavefunctions, typically by employing computational quantum chemistry techniques. From these fundamental calculations, molecular properties important to electron transfer theory can be calculated such as electronic couplings and reorganisation energies.