Absolute difference in the rate of events between the control and intervention group. ARR = events in control group minus events in intervention group back to top

The estimate of the likelihood of a disease is increased or decreased by the results of a test.

A systematic error that leads to results that do not represent the true findings. See lead time

Single Blind Study Design:

Retrospective studies beginning with people who have a disease and controls who are similar but do not have the disease. The investigator then looks retrospectively to see what proportion in each grou [..]

Determination of causality Suspected cause precedes disease.

Observational studies, prospective or retrospective, in which groups are assembled according to exposure or lack of exposure, then followed longitudinally to determine outcomes (e.g., fractions who de [..]

Usually calculated as "95% confidence intervals", indicating that there is a 95% probability that the effect of treatment in the whole population lies within the stated range. The CI is affe [..]

Patient characteristics that may affect the results a study is trying to measure. Because these factors may be unevenly distributed (non-random) between study groups, they can decrease the validity of [..]

Evaluates the outcomes and costs of interventions intended to improve health. Often framed as the resources required to achieve a set quantity of a specific health outcome. back to top