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abatement costs


In economics, abatement costs are the expenses many businesses incur for the removal and/or reduction of an undesirable item they have created. Corporations generally experience abatement costs when they are required to reduce by-products generated during production. A common example is greenhouse gas emissions.
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b/d


Barrels per Day is a unit of measurement for oil output that refers to the number of barrels of oil produced/consumed in one single day.
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barrel of oil


A standard oil barrel contains almost 159 litres - 158.98 to be precise (42 US gallons or 35 imperial gallons), and weighs approximately 0.134 tonnes. Today, most petroleum is moved via pipelines or oil tankers, so the use of the term ‘barrel’ is now used as a unit of measurement instead of an actual container.
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biofuels


Also known as drop-in fuels, biofuels are organic materials capable of being turned into fuels. They currently account for around 3% of all energy used for transportation in Europe. So far, almost all biofuels used in Europe are “first generation”, meaning they are derived from such food crops as wheat, sugar beet and vegetable oils. The fuel indus [..]
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bitumen


Also known as asphalt, bitumen is a black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons either obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is used for road surfacing and roofing.
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blend wall


Used in reference to the compatibility limit (or lack of compatibility) when biofuels are blended with petroleum fuels. The structural differences between biofuel and petroleum molecules create numerous problems when mixed together. For example, biofuels cannot be transported or stored in facilities designed for ‘ordinary’ petroleum fuel. Currently [..]
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cabotage restrictions


This term refers to the restrictions placed on cargo transport operations carried out within one Member State by transportation vehicles coming from another EU Member State. The European Union is committed to lifting existing cabotage restrictions by 2014, making it easier for truck drivers to carry goods between Member States. The purpose of such [..]
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car scrapping incentives


A car scrapping programme involves a series of government incentives, such as tax rebates, aimed at stimulating  the automobile industry by encouraging the replacement of old, inefficient and high emissions vehicles with newer, greener ones.
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catalytic converter


A catalytic converter is an emission control device used in internal combustion engines that converts toxic chemicals into less polluting substances. They are a common component in car, truck, train, bus and aeroplane engines.
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cetane


Cetane, also known as Hexadecane, is an alkane hydrocarbon often used to measure the combustion quality of diesel fuel (‘cetane rating’) and as a reference for the quality of several fuel mixtures.
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