an eruption of hot water and steam from a hydrothermal system. It is usually of cyclic occurrence, and ejects only small amounts of solid material. The ejection mechanism is volume change due to boiling, as opposed to ejection of water because of artesian pressure alone.

the envelope of gases surrounding the Earth

the production of nutrients in the ocean

a variably-coloured group of layered, sheet-like silicate minerals that include muscovite and biotite

ancient climate as determined from the geological record [paleoclimatic]

A accelerator mass spectrometry: commonly known as AMS; a method for measuring 14C, 10Be and other isotopes including those produced by cosmic rays [accelerator mass spectrometer]

the process of [1] adding sediment to a river, beach or offshore area; [2] adding terranes to a landmass; [3] forming planets

relating to fluids with pH less than 7 [acid]

the study and measurement of sound waves

a volcano that is currently erupting, or has erupted within the past few thousand years and may do so again in the future