A social and political construct that artificially divides people into distinct groups based on characteristics such as physical appearance (particularly color), ancestral heritage, cultural affiliation, cultural history, ethnic classification, and the social, economic, and political needs of a society at a given period of time. Racial categories s [..]

1. Race prejudice and power 2. Racial and cultural prejudice and discrimination, supported intentionally or unintentionally by institutional power and authority, used to the advantage of one race and the disadvantage of other races. The critical element that differentiates racism from prejudice and discrimination is the use of institutional power a [..]

1. Prejudice and power. 2. The systemic expression of social inequality woven throughout institutions as well as embedded within individual consciousness. Oppression fuses institutional and systemic discrimination, personal bias, bigotry, and social prejudice in a complex web of relationships and structures that saturate most aspects of life in our [..]

The ability to exercise control. Having access to systems and resources as legitimated by individuals and societal institutions.

When target group members refuse to accept the dominant ideology and their subordinate status and take actions to redistribute social and political power more equitably.

A pre-judgment or unjustifiable, and usually negative, attitude of one type of individual or groups toward another group and its members. Such negative attitudes are typically based on unsupported generalizations (or stereotypes) that deny the right of individual members of certain groups to be recognized and treated as individuals with individual [..]

Unequal treatment of people based on their membership in a group. In contrast to prejudice, discrimination is behavior. To discriminate is to treat a person, not on the basis of their intrinsic individual qualities, but on the basis of a prejudgment about a group. Discrimination can be either de jure (legal as in segregation laws) or de facto (disc [..]

An unearned advantage that works to systematically over empower certain groups in our society. A right that only some people have access or availability to because of their social group memberships. Because hierarchies of privilege exist, even within the same group, people who are part of the group in power (white/Caucasian people with respect to p [..]

The process by which dominant groups frame peoples’ identities in terms of color in ways that reinforce the privilege of whites and create the multiple disadvantages that people of color face. People are racialized in different ways depending on whether they are Native American, Asian, Latino or African-American. The experience of each varies again [..]

A resource or position that everyone has equal access or availability to regardless of their social group memberships.