Italian dynamic term for “loud.”

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sung without instrumental accompaniment.

a form made up of two contrasting sections, each of which may or may not be repeated.

a form made up of a principal section which is repeated after the completion of a contrasting section.

Italian tempo marking meaning to gradually accelerate or speed up.

stress, emphasis, force, or loudness given to a sound or tone.

the sharpening or flattening of a particular note not indicated in the key signature of a piece; the naturalizing of a note that is sharpened or flattened according to the key signature.

the subordinate music that supports the principal voice or instrument in a piece of music.

the science of sound and how it’s produced.