occurs when migrants act by personal volition in response to migration-stimulating factors.

refers to states where migrants migrate to and which are often countries of immigration; the term is often used in the context of bilateral agreements on migration between states.

Any state through which the person concerned passes on any journey to the State of employment or from the State of employment to the State of origin or the State of habitual residence (Art. 6(c), International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, 1990).

The progressive adoption of elements of a foreign culture (ideas, words, values, norms, behaviour, institutions) by persons, groups or classes of a given culture. The partial or total adaptation is caused by contacts and interactions between different cultures through migration and trade relations.

The Treaty of Amsterdam was adopted at the Amsterdam European Council on 16 and 17 June 1997 and signed on 2 October 1997 by the Foreign Ministers of the back then fifteen Member States of the EU. It entered into force on 1 May 1999. The treaty reorganized the EU-wide cooperation in the fields of justice and home affairs, setting as its objective t [..]

Adaptation of one ethnic or social group – usually a minority

Asylum is a form of protection given by a state on its territory based on the principle of ‘non-refoulement

Persons who file an application for asylum

The Benes decrees (Czech: Benesovy dekrety; German: Benes-Dekrete; Slovak: Benesove dekréty; Hungarian: Benes dekrétumok) refers to a series of laws enacted by the Czechoslovak government of exile during World War II. Today, the term is most frequently used for the part of them dealing with status of Germans and Hungarians in post-war Czechoslova [..]

Facilitation of authorized flows of business people, tourists, migrants