When a person goes out of his or her hometown to shop.

An interior display in which a retailer exhibits a wide range of merchandise for the customer. It may be open or closed.

The first tool used to screen applicants. It provides data on education, experience, health, reasons for leaving prior jobs, organizational memberships, hobbies, and references.

An interior display whereby coordinated merchandise is grouped and displayed together.

Items that are received at the store in condition to be put directly on display without any preparation by retail workers.

Exists when retailers seek to establish and maintain long-term bonds with customers, rather than act as if each sales transaction is a completely new encounter with them.

Refers to a store's physical characteristics that are used to develop an image and draw customers.

An increase in a retail price above the original markup that is used when demand is unexpectedly high or when costs are rising.

Looks at total dollar additional markups as a percentage of net sales:

Measures a price rise as a percentage of original price: