Repeated origin of mutations of a particular kind within a species.

Selection by humans of a deliberately chosen trait or combination of traits in a (usually captive) population; differing from natural selection in that the criterion for survival and reproduction is the trait chosen, rather than fitness as determined by the entire genotype.

A lineage (often designated as a taxon) from which two or more descendant lineages evolved.

Often used to mean activity that benefits both the actor and other individuals.

A genome or individual that is homozygous for a chromosomal rearrangement such as an inversion. Cf. heterokaryotype.

Used broadly to denote a preponderance (> 50 percent) of one allele among the gametes produced by a heterozygote, which is more properly called segregation distortion; results in genic selection.

See genetic correlation.

Species conceived as groups of populations that are distinguishable from other such groups.

Description and analysis of the history and processes that govern the geographic distribution of genes within species and among closely related species, analysis that may shed light on the history of the populations.

A mutation that maps to a specific gene locus; in a molecular context, usually a change of a single base pair.