Circumference of the animal’s body, measured just behind the shoulders.

Increase in heat production following consumption of feed when an animal is in a thermoneutral environment. It includes additional heat generated in fermentation, digestion, and nutrient metabolism.

Grouping of feeder cattle to predict the slaughter weight endpoint of a desirable fat-to-lean composition. Frame size and thickness are the two criteria used to determine feeder grade.

Usually a high-roughage ration whereby gains of 0.25 to 2 pounds per day are anticipated.

Bringing a female to a male for breeding, after which she is removed from the area where the male is located (same as hand breeding).

Feedlot ration, usually high in energy and fed during the latter part of the feeding period.

Continued use of purebred sires of the same breed in a grade herd.

A bovine native to North America. The U.S. government refers to it as buffalo. Bison meat is generally leaner, darker in color, and more intensely flavored than beef.

Length of time from one generation of animals to the next generation.

The liver, heart, gizzard, and neck of a chicken or other fowl, usually removed from the carcass and cooked separately.