Italian economist, born September 3, 1947. He is the President of the European Central Bank. Ranked number 11 on Forbes’ List of Most Powerful People in the World in 2015.

A shares are shares in the renminbi currency purchased and traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges (Chinese: A股). They can only be bought by residents of mainland China and QFIIs.

In Singapore an accredited investor is an individual with personal net assets in excess of S$2 million and income of not less than S$300,000 over the previous twelve months. Accredited investors may have access to investments not available to retail investors. These may include investing in startups, venture capital funds and hedge funds.

Custody Banks in Singapore that handle Central Provident Fund or CPF members’ investments under the CPFIS Scheme. Appointed by the CPF Board.

The difference between the expected performance and the actual returns of a mutual fund (adjusted for risk / beta). A positive alpha means the fund has outperformed expectations despite risk and negative alpha means it has underperformed.

Periodic returns re-scaled to represent a return over one year. This allows investors to measure and compare the returns of different assets that have been held for different lengths of time.

A series of equal payments made at fixed intervals of time. Regular deposits to a savings account, monthly payments for insurance premiums, mortgages and pension payments are all examples of annuities.

The practice of exploiting price differences between two or more markets to earn profits. In its purest sense, arbitrage is risk-free.

Association of South East Asian Nations; an economic and political organization that counts ten Southeast Asian countries as members, including Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Brunei and Indonesia.

Launched in 2003, the Asian Bond Fund allows members of the Executives Meeting of East Asia and Pacific Central Banks (EMEAP) group to invest in bonds issued by the Asian sovereign members of the group.