The way that a pesticide works to kill an organism.

Herbicide that is taken up through contact with the leaves or through the soil (via contact with the roots) and is moved throughout the plant to kill the whole plant.

The chemical in a pesticide that controls the target pest.

A chemical added to a pesticide formulation or tank mix to improve mixing, application or activity of a herbicide. Spray adjuvant examples include fertilizers, surfactants, methylated seed oils and crop oil concentrates.

Removal of soil cores from a turf with hollow tines or spoons. This can help to alleviate soil compaction.

Leaves appear singly at each node as in greenbriar or prostrate knotweed.

A plant starting from seed and completing its life cycle in the same growing season.

a class of herbicides that poses very little concern as far as toxicity to humans. Their mode of action is not well understood. The arsonates are also very water soluble. Arsonates include DSMA, MSMA (Bueno 6, MSMA Turf), and CMA.

A claw-like appendage projecting from the collar of the leaf.

Arising from the base of the stem.