is a procedure used to relieve urethral (urinary) obstruction by gently propelling urinary stones from the urethra back into the bladder under pressure.

is a medical emergency and potentially life-threatening situation requiring immediate emergency treatment. It is caused by insufficient levels of the hormone cortisol.

a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels or organs, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the chambers of the heart.

also known as cardiac dysrhythmia or irregular heartbeat is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.

is the clinical procedure of using a syringe to collect synovial (joint) fluid from a joint capsule. It is used to diagnose inflammatory and infectious conditions.

is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment is performed using a scopethat is inserted into the joint through a small incision.

A fine-needle aspirate is a procedure used to investigate various organs (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, masses) by collecting a few representative cells.

is a condition that develops due to the entrance of foreign materials into the lungs from the mouth or stomach, it includes food, saliva and stomach contents.

is excessive movement of the junction between the first and second cervical (neck) vertebrae resulting in neurological signs when the spinal cord or adjacent nerves are involved.

arise from an abnormal immune response by the body targeting it’s own cells and tissues.