"resident or native of the Caucasus," 1843; see Caucasus + -ian. Meaning "one of the 'white' race" is from 1958 (earlier Caucasoid, 1956).

1807, from Caucasus Mountains, between the Black and Caspian seas; applied to the "white" race 1795 (in German) by German anthropologist Johann Blumenbach, because its supposed ancestral hom [..]

a non-scientific term invented by German physician Johann Blumenbach in 1795 to describe light-skinned people from Europe (and, originally, from western Asia and North Africa as well) whom Blumenbach mistakenly thought came from the Caucasus Mountains. The term became synonymous with "white."

Caucasian originally was a geographical reference, meaning relative or pertaining to the Caucasus region of eastern Europe, a region between the Black and Caspian seas that includes southwest Russia, [..]

(n) a member of the Caucasoid race(n) a number of languages spoken in the Caucasus that are unrelated to languages spoken elsewhere(adj) of or relating to the geographical region of Caucasia(adj) of o [..]

An Indo-European. This is Blumenbach’s 18th century term for the white race of mankind, which he derived from the people who lived in the Caucasus. This term is usually used synonymously with Caucasoid, European, or White. Alone among terms derived from traditional racial classification, Caucasian remains popular in both science and everyday langua [..]