Temperaments are the various alterations of strict tuning necessary for practical purposes. Equal temperament, now in general use, involves the division of the octave into 12 equal semitones, a procedure that necessitates some modification of intervals from their true form, according to the ratios of physics. Equal temperament, exemplified in Johan [..]

Predisposition to react to one's Environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.

The four temperaments are commonly attributed as developments of the four humors of the Greek philosophers Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Galen, yet can also be traced to India, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, and is still used in many traditions today, such as Ayurveda, Unani Tibb, and Traditional Chinese Medicine.