A sudden condition in which breathing is difficult and the oxygen levels in the blood abruptly drop lower than normal.

Long-term underfunction of the outer portion of the adrenal gland. In medical terms, chronic insufficiency of the adrenal cortex. This may be due to a number of different insults to the adrenal including physical trauma, hemorrhage, and tuberculosis of the adrenal, and destruction of the cells in the pituitary gland that secrete ACTH (adrenocortico [..]

This condition results from an immune (allergic) reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat and related grains and present in many foods that we eat. Known under a number of other names, including celiac sprue. Sprue causes impaired absorption and digestion of nutrients through the small intestine. Symptoms include frequent diarrhea and weight lo [..]

See: Alexander disease.

See: Alpers disease.

A parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of a microscopic tapeworm called Echinococcus multilocularis. See: Alveolar hydatid disease.

See: Alzheimer disease.

See Autoimmune disease.

See: Behcet's syndrome.

This disease is a primary problem of platelets in which the platelets lack the ability to stick adequately to injured blood vessel walls. This is a crucial aspect of the process of forming a blood clot, and as a result of this problem there is abnormal bleeding. Bernard-Soulier disease usually presents in the newborn period, infancy, or early child [..]

A form of dementia with blood vessel abnormalities in the deep white-matter of the brain causing loss of memory, decreasing cognition, and mood changes. Patients usually show signs of abnormal blood pressure (too high or too low), stroke, blood abnormalities, disease of the large blood vessels in the neck, and disease of the heart valves. Other pro [..]

See: Bipolar disorder.

See: Black lung disease.

Bornholm disease is a temporary illness that is a result of virus infection. The disease features fever and intense abdominal and chest pains with headache. The chest pain is typically worsened by breathing or coughing. The illness usually lasts from 3 to 14 days. The most common virus causing Bornholm disease is an enterovirus called Coxsackie B. [..]

An early stage of skin cancer. Bowen disease is medically the same as "squamous cell carcinoma in situ." Squamous cell carcinoma is a tumor that develops from the squamous cells which are flat, scale-like cells in the outer layer of the skin (the epithelium). The term "in situ" (borrowed from the Romans) means "in the natur [..]

Chronic inflammation of the blood vessels in the kidney with protein, specifically albumin, in the urine. There are a number of disorders that lead to Bright's disease. With nothing more sophisticated than a candle and a silver spoon, the English physician Richard Bright (1789-1858) discovered protein in urine and in 1827 published his pioneer [..]

Recrudescence of epidemic typhus years after the initial attack. The agent that causes epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) remains viable for many years and then when host defenses are down, it is reactivated causing recurrent typhus. The disease is named for the physician Nathan Brill and the great bacteriologist Hans Zinsser.

A severe progressive inherited (genetic) disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). The signs of Canavan disease usually appear when the children are between 3 and 6 months of age. They include developmental delay (significant motor slowness), enlargement of the head (macrocephaly), loss of muscle tone (hypotonia), poor head control, and severe [..]

Disease affecting the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular diseases include arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, shock, endocarditis, diseases of the aorta and its branches, disorders of the peripheral vascular system, and congenital heart disease.

A disorder of lymphoid tissue (lymphadenopathy) with massive overgrowth (hyperplasia) of lymph nodes ("swollen glands"), most commonly affecting the nodes between the lungs (in the mediastinum). There are two quite different forms of Castleman's disease. One form, found in 90% cases, is a localized kind of lympadenopathy. It usually [..]

A bacterial infection due to a cat scratch seen most often today in people with HIV. The disease characteristically presents with swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), sore throat, fatigue, and fever, chills, sweats, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. There is usually a little bump (a papule) which may be pus-filled (a pustule) at the site [..]

See: Chagas disease.

See: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Any disorder that persistently obstructs bronchial airflow. COLD mainly involves two related diseases -- chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both cause chronic obstruction of air flowing through the airways and in and out of the lungs. The obstruction is generally permanent and progresses (becomes worse) over time. In asthma there is also obstruction [..]

Any disorder that persistently obstructs bronchial airflow. COPD mainly involves two related diseases -- chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both cause chronic obstruction of air flowing through the airways and in and out of the lungs. The obstruction is generally permanent and progresses (becomes worse) over time. Asthma is also a pulmonary disease [..]

A disease with clinical signs and symptoms that can be recognized. As distinct from a subclinical illness without recognizable clinical manifestations. Diabetes, for example, can be subclinical in a person before emerging as a clinical disease.

See: Congenital heart disease.

African tick typhus, one of the tick-borne rickettsial diseases of the eastern hemisphere similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever but less severe. Characteristic features include fever, a small ulcer (tache noire) at the site of the tick bite, swollen glands nearby (satellite lymphadenopathy), and a red raised (maculopapular) rash. Also called bout [..]

A major cause of illness and death, coronary artery disease (CAD) begins when hard cholesterol substances (plaques) are deposited within a coronary artery. (The coronary arteries arise from the aorta adjacent to the heart and supply the heart muscle with blood that is rich in oxygen. They are called the coronary arteries because they encircle the h [..]

A dementing disease of the brain. It is believed due to an unconventional (not a bacteria or virus), transmissible agent called a prion. Symptoms of CJD include forgetfulness, nervousness, jerky trembling hand movements, unsteady gait, muscle spasms, chronic dementia, balance disorder, and loss of facial expression. CJD is classified as a spongifor [..]

A chronic inflammatory disease primarily involving the small and large intestine but which can affect other parts of the digestive system. It is named for Burrill Crohn, the American gastroenterologist who first described the disease in 1932. Crohn disease is usually diagnosed in persons in their teens or twenties, but can come to the fore at any p [..]

The constellation of symptoms and signs caused by an excess of cortisol hormone. Cushing disease (or syndrome) is an extremely complex hormonal condition that involves many areas of the body. Common symptoms are thinning of the skin, weakness, weight gain, bruising, hypertension, diabetes, thin weak bones (osteoporosis), facial puffiness and, in wo [..]

See: Cystinuria.

Also known as osteoarthritis, this type of arthritis is caused by inflammation, breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of the joints. Among the over 100 different types of arthritis conditions, osteoarthritis is the most common, affecting usually the hands, feet, spine, and large weight-bearing joints, such as the hips and knees. Also called [..]

See: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.

See: Fabry disease.

This syndrome described in 1930 by T. Fahr is a genetic (inherited) neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in certain of areas of the brain (including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex). Symptoms may include motor function deterioration, dementia, mental retardation, spastic paralysis, dysarthria (poorly articul [..]

See Fifth disease.

See Nail-patella syndrome.

See: Foot-and-mouth disease.

A form of degenerative arthritis characteristically associated with flowing calcification along the sides of the vertebrae of the spine and commonly with inflammation (tendinitis) and calcification of the tendons at their attachments points to bone. Because areas of the spine and tendons can become inflamed, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSA [..]

See Gaucher disease, type 1.

See: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome.

See Gilbert syndrome.

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a rare disorder that occurs when the immune cells from donated bone marrow stem cells or a blood transfusion attack the recipient. The only transplanted tissues that contain enough immune cells (specifically T-lymphocytes) to cause GVHD are the blood and the bone marrow. This condition typically occurs in patient [..]

Generalized diffuse overactivity ("toxicity") of the entire thyroid gland which becomes enlarged into a goiter. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. There are three components to Graves' disease: Hyperthyroidism (the presence of too much thyroid hormone), Ophthalmopathy specifically involving exophthalmos (prot [..]

See: Guinea worm disease.

Infection of the soft tissue (gingiva) and abnormal loss of bone that surrounds the teeth and holds them in place. Gum disease is caused by toxins secreted by bacteria in "plaque" that accumulate over time along the gum line. This plaque is a mixture of food, saliva, and bacteria. Early symptoms of gum disease include gum bleeding [..]

A viral syndrome with a rash on the hands and feet and in the mouth. The internal rash (the enanthem) consists of blisters and little ulcers that may involve not only the lining of the mouth but also the gums, palate, and tongue. The external rash on the body (the exanthem) typically affects the hands (most commonly), feet and, sometimes, the butto [..]

See: Hansen disease.

There are two different Heberden diseases: Angina pectoris, chest pain that is often severe and crushing, due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle. Osteoarthritis of the small joints with nodules (Heberden nodes) in and about the last joint of the finger. Both diseases were described by the respected English physician William Heber [..]

Abnormal breakup of red blood cells in the fetus or newborn.

A congenital abnormality (birth defect) of the bowel in which there is absence of the ganglia (nerves) in the wall of the bowel. Nerves are missing starting at the anus and extending a variable distance up the bowel. This results in megacolon (massive enlargement of the bowel) above the point where the nerves are missing. (The nerves are needed to [..]

Named for the Swiss physician Wilhelm His, Jr. (who also described the bundle of His in the heart), this is a louse-borne disease first recognized in the trenches of World War I and so was called trench fever. Trench fever is a disease is estimated to have affected more than a million people in Russia and on the fronts in Europe. Trench fever was a [..]

Named for the Swiss physician Wilhelm His, Jr. (who also described the bundle of His in the heart) and the German physician Heinrich Werner (who was not the Werner who described Werner's syndrome). This is a louse-borne disease that was first recognized in the trenches of World War I and so was called trench fever. It is estimated to have affe [..]

A type of lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system). The most common symptom is painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin. Hodgkin disease is diagnosed when abnormal tissue is detected by a pathologist after a biopsy of an enlarged lymph node. Treatment usually includes radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up [..]

A disease of the lymph nodes named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866) who discovered it. ("Perfecting the World" is an excellent biography of Dr. Hodgkin by A. M. and E. H. Kass).

An hereditary disorder with mental and physical deterioration leading to death. Although characterized as an "adult-onset" disease (as is usually the case), we have seen children with full-blown Huntington disease. Huntington disease describes an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high penetrance (a high proportion of [..]

Typically a respiratory disease of the newborn, especially the premature infant, this serious condition occurs in babies who are born without lungs that are fully developed. The lungs do not fully function or inflate, making breathing very difficult if not impossible without medical intervention. The word "hyaline" comes from the Greek wo [..]

The inflammation caused by hydroxyapatite crystals has been referred to as hydroxyapatite crystal disease. Hydroxyapatite is a major component and an essential ingredient of normal bone and teeth, makes up bone mineral and the matrix of teeth, and gives bones and teeth their rigidity. Hydroxyapatite molecules can group together (crystalize) to form [..]

A group of chronic intestinal diseases characterized by inflammation of the bowel -- the large or small intestine. The most common types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Crohn disease favors the ileum (the lower part of the small intestine) but can occur anywhere along the intestinal tract while, by cont [..]

Better known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a dementing disease of the brain. It is believed due to an unconventional, transmissible agent (a prion). Symptoms of CJD include forgetfulness, nervousness, jerky trembling hand movements, unsteady gait, muscle spasms, chronic dementia, balance disorder, and loss of facial expression. CJD is classif [..]

A transmissible degenerative brain disorder technically termed spongiform encephalopathy. Eating "mad cow" meat or squirrel brain can lead to Jakob-Creutzfeldt-like disease. Better known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). A dementing disease of the brain, believed due to an unconventional, transmissible agent (a prion). Symptoms [..]

A syndrome of unknown origin, mainly affecting young children, causing fever, reddening of the eyes (conjunctivitis), lips and mucous membranes of the mouth, ulcerative gum disease (gingivitis), swollen glands in the neck (cervical lymphadenopathy), and a rash that is raised and bright red (maculoerythematous) in a glove-and-sock fashion over the s [..]

See Keshan disease.

A disorder that typically causes "swollen glands" in the neck (cervical lymphadeniopathy) together with fever or flu-like symptoms. Laboratory test abnormalities include elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and white blood count abnormalities (low neutrophil count and elevated lymphocyte count with atypical lymphocytes in the pe [..]

Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease). Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease is a kidney condition associated with long-standing diabetes. It affects the network of tiny blood vessels (the microvasculature) in the glomerulus, a key structure in the kidney that is composed of capillary blood vessels and which is critically necessary for the filtration of the b [..]

Infectious mononucleosis ("mono"), a very common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). By the time most people reach adulthood, an antibody against EBV can be detected in their blood meaning they have been infected with EBV. The illness is less severe in young children. The infection can be spread by saliva. Hence, the n [..]

A condition with a lack of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that is important in fighting infection). Children with this disease suffer frequent infections from bacteria which in the past led to death in three-quarters of cases before 3 years of age. This disease is also known as severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Children with severe cong [..]

See Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

See Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

A disease due to the bacteria Legionella pneumophila found in plumbing, shower heads, water-storage tanks and air cooling systems. Outbreaks of Legionella pneumonia have been attributed to evaporative condensers and cooling towers. The bacteria thrives in the mist sprayed from air-conditioning ducts and so it can infest an entire building or airpla [..]

A series of disorders due to inborn errors in lipid metabolism resulting in the abnormal accumulation of lipids in the wrong places (Examples include Gaucher, Fabry and Niemann-Pick diseases and metachromatic leukodystrophy).

Osteogenesis imperfecta type I. An inherited, generalized connective tissue disorder featuring bone fragility and blue sclerae (blue whites of the eyes). The classic mild form of "brittle bone disease." It is a dominant trait with males and females affected. One copy of the mutant gene is sufficient to cause the disease. Clinically it is [..]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a classic motor neuron disease. Motor neuron diseases are progressive chronic diseases of the nerves that come from the spinal cord responsible for supplying electrical stimulation to the muscles. This stimulation is necessary for the movement of body parts. LOU GEHRIG'S DISEASE: Amyotrophic lateral scleros [..]

See Chronic wasting disease.

See Manic depression. The antiquated term for bipolar disorder.

Hereditary disease due to deficiency of an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism, characterized by urine that smells like maple syrup. The three branched-chain amino acids: (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) cannot be metabolized (processed) and build up in the blood to the detriment of brain function. Untreated maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) c [..]

See: Marburg virus.

See: Giant hypertrophic gastritis.

A condition with recurrent vertigo accompanied by ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and deafness. Symptoms include vertigo, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of hearing (in the affected ear), and abnormal eye movements. Meniere disease is due to dysfunction of the semi-circular canals (endolymphatic sac) in the inner ear. The treatment of Meniere dise [..]

A disorder caused by methyl mercury poisoning that was first described in the inhabitants of Minamata Bay, Japan. Minamata disease resulted from their eating fish contaminated with mercury industrial waste. The disease is characterized by peripheral sensory loss, tremors, dysarthria, ataxia, and both hearing and visual loss. Even the unborn child i [..]

Mutations (changes) in the mitochondrial chromosome are responsible for a number of disorders including, for example: An eye disease called Leber's hereditary optic atrophy; A type of epilepsy called MERRF which stands for Myoclonus Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers; and A form of dementia called MELAS for Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Ac [..]

See mixed connective tissue disease, MCTD.

Abbreviated nvCJD. A human disease thought due to the same infectious agent as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. Both the human and bovine disorders are invariably fatal brain diseases with unusually long incubation periods measured in years, and are caused by an unconventional transmissible agent, a prion, resulting in th [..]

See: Niemann-Pick disease.

Disease due to Norwalk virus, not one but a family of small round viruses that are an important cause of viral gastroenteritis (viral inflammation of the stomach and intestines). Norwalk disease is a significant contributor to illness in the US. Only the common cold is reported more frequently as a cause of disease. About a third of all cases of vi [..]

A disease due to a factor in a person's occupation. For example, lung disease in miners. Occupational medicine was founded by the Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714). His De Morbis Artificium (On Artificially Caused Diseases) published in 1700 was the first systematic study of occupational disease. He recognized the relationship [..]

A condition involving inflammation and sometimes tearing of ligaments within the knee and lower leg. Treatment is by rest, casting if necessary, and sometimes surgery. Osgood-Schlatter disease is caused by repetitive stress or tension on a part of the growth area of the upper tibia (the apophysis). It is characterized by inflammation of the patella [..]

See: Paget disease.

A slowly progressive neurologic disease characterized by a fixed inexpressive face, a tremor at rest, slowing of voluntary movements, a gait with short accelerating steps, peculiar posture and muscle weakness, caused by degeneration of an area of the brain called the basal ganglia, and by low production of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Most patien [..]

Toxic multinodular goiter, a condition in which the thyroid gland contains multiple lumps (nodules) that are overactive and produce excess thyroid hormones. This condition is also known as Plummer's disease.

See: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease.

This term is applied to women only. Pelvic inflammatory disease refers exclusively to ascending infection of the female upper genital tract (the female structures above the cervix). Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common and serious complication of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), aside from AIDS, among women. The signs and symptoms of [..]

A form of dementia characterized by a slowly progressive deterioration of social skills and changes in personality leading to impairment of intellect, memory, and language. Dementia can be defined as a loss of intellectual abilities such as memory capacity, severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The criteria for the dia [..]

Toxic multinodular goiter, a condition in which the thyroid gland contains multiple lumps (nodules) that are overactive and produce excess thyroid hormones. This condition is also known as Parry's disease.

See Polycystic kidney disease.

See: Polycystic ovarian syndrome.

See Polygenic disease.

This is angioneurotic edema (or angioedema), a form of localized swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and fatty tissues beneath the skin. Hereditary angioneurotic edema (or hereditary angioedema) is a genetic form of angioedema. Persons with it are born lacking an inhibitor protein (called C1 esterase inhibitor) that normally prevents activati [..]

See: Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

A condition resulting in skin discoloration of the fingers and/or toes when a person is exposed to changes in temperature (cold or hot) or to emotional events. This condition can occur alone or as a part of another disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis). When the condition occurs alone it is referred to as "Raynaud disease" or primary Ray [..]

See Refsum disease.

See: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Heart damage caused by rheumatic fever. Treatment is by preventing reinfection with strep and by treating with heart drugs as needed.

This is the scalded skin syndrome, a potentially serious side effect of infection with the Staph (Staphylococcus) bacteria that produces a specific protein which loosens the "cement" holding the various layers of the skin together. This allows blister formation and sloughing of the top layer of skin. If it occurs over large body r [..]

Damage to the rotator cuff, a group of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and move the shoulder in various directions. A common cause of shoulder pain, rotator cuff disease can be due to trauma (e.g., from falling and injuring the shoulder or from overuse in sports particularly involving repetitive overhead motions), inflammation (e.g., [..]

See rotavirus.

A genetic blood disorder caused by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin. These hemoglobin molecules tend to aggregate after unloading oxygen forming long, rod-like strictures that force the red cells to assume a sickle shape. Unlike normal red cells, which are usually smooth and malleable, the sickle red cells cannot squeeze through small [..]

See Single gene disease.

A viral disease of infants and young children with sudden onset of high fever which lasts several days and then suddenly subsides leaving in its wake a fine red rash. The causative agent is herpesvirus type 6 so the disease is known as Sixth Disease. Also known as Exanthem subitum (sudden rash), Pseudorubella, Roseola, Roseola infantilis, and Roseo [..]

See: Sleeping disease.

A genetic disorder also known as hyperekplexia in which babies have an exaggerated startle reflex (reaction). This disorder was not recognized until 1962 when it was described by Drs. Kok and Bruyn as a disease with the onset at birth of hypertonia (stiffness), exaggerated startle response, strong brain-stem reflexes (especially head-retraction ref [..]

Known descriptively as polycystic ovarian (PCO) disease, this syndrome is basically an hormonal problem that causes women to have various symptoms including: Irregular or no periods Acne Obesity, and Excess hair growth. All women with PCO have irregular or no menses. Women with PCO do not ovulate (do not release an egg every month). Women with PCO [..]

See: Arthritis, systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid.

An illness that stays "below the surface" of clinical detection. A subclinical disease has no or minimally recognizable clinical findings. It is distinct from a clinical disease, which has signs and symptoms that can be more easily recognized. Many diseases, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, infections or cancers c [..]

See: Takayasu disease.

See: Tay-Sachs disease.

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease caused by a microorganism, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, characteristically with fever, headache, a raised (macular) rash, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy) and a dark crusted ulcer (called an eschar or tache noire) at the site of the chigger (mite larva) bite. This disease occurs in the area bounded by Japa [..]

Abbreviated vCJD. A human disease thought due to the same infectious agent as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. Both the human and bovine disorders are invariably fatal brain diseases with unusually long incubation periods measured in years, and are caused by an unconventional transmissible agent, a prion, resulting in the [..]

Neurofibromatosis type 1.

Osteogenesis imperfecta type II, an inherited connective tissue disorder with very severe bone fragility, the lethal form of "brittle bone disease." It is a recessive trait with males and females affected. Two copies of the mutant gene are needed to cause the disease. Clinically the disease is characterized by short limb dwarfism, thin sk [..]

Named for the German physician Heinrich Werner (who did not describe Werner's premature aging syndrome) and the Swiss physician Wilhelm His, Jr. (who did describe the bundle of His in the heart), this is a louse-borne disease that was first recognized in the trenches of World War I and so was called trench fever. It is caused by Bartonella qui [..]

See: Whipple disease.

An infectious illness, also called Whitmore's disease, that is most frequent in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and is caused by a bacteria called Burkholderia pseudomallei found in soil, rice paddies and stagnant waters. Humans catch the disease by inhalation of contaminated dust or when soil contaminated by the bacteria comes in contac [..]

An inherited disorder in which too much copper accumulates in the body. Although the accumulation of copper begins at birth, symptoms of the disorder appear later in life, between the ages of 6 and 40. A diagnostic feature of Wilson disease is what is called a Kayser-Fleischer ring, a deep copper-colored ring around the edge of the cornea. It repre [..]

Literally, dis-ease, lack of ease; pathological condition that presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it and which establishes the condition as an abnormal entity different from other normal or path [..]

Any deviation from the normal state of health.

early 14c., "discomfort, inconvenience," from Old French desaise "lack, want; discomfort, distress; trouble, misfortune; disease, sickness," from des- "without, away" (se [..]

pathophobia/nosophobia

a harmful condition of a body part or organ.

Organisms suffer from disease when their normal function is impaired by some genetic disorder, or more often from the activity of a parasite or other organism living within them. Many diseases are cau [..]

An alteration in the normal condition of a body part, organ or system of an individual, interrupting the performance of vital functions. This can result from various causes. Each disease is characteri [..]

Disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, seizure disorders), conditions (e.g., obesity, menopause), syndromes, specific illnesses, and other medical problems that are an acquired morbid change in a tissue, organ, or organism. Synonyms are illness and sickness.

A physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms (such as pain or feeling unwell), dysfunction or tissue damage, especially if these symptoms and signs form a recognisable clinical pattern.

Any abnormal condition in a plant that interferes with its growing processes.

when a host plant responds to the presence of a pathogen; the host’s response usually results in the development of symptoms of the disease, such as blight, spots, or necrosis

A fungus or virus infection. Disk

A plant illness not directly caused by pests. Usual causes of disease amongst plants are fungi, bacteria and viruses.

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning (diseased) caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a mor [..]

A physiological or psychological dysfunction

Any disturbance of a plant that interferes with its normal structure, function, or economic value.

illness; sickness

means the clinical and/or pathological manifestation of infection.

A pathological condition of the body that results in abnormal functioning of an organ or organ system.

A definite pathological process with organis origins with a set of symptoms that can impair function.

To dream that you are diseased, denotes a slight attack of illness, or of unpleasant dealings with a relative. For a young woman to dream that she is incurably diseased, denotes that she will be likely to lead a life of single blessedness.   

(From

A condition of the body in which there is incorrect function due to heredity, infection, diet, or environment.

The result of inhibited mental and spiritual action.

a medical disorder that is harmful to a person's health

(n) an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

An abnormal condition in the body causing harm.

morbus

meaning discomfort, want of ease, mal aise, as

A disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbala [..]

disturbance in the body or function of an organ or organs with pathological signs and symptom.

Disturbance in normal functioning and growth, usually caused by pathogenic fungi, bacteria, or viruses.

A biological or mental condition, which usually involves medically diagnosed symptoms.

In medical anthropology this refers to the diagnosis of the doctor or folk healer. It is the clinician's definition of the patient's problem, always taken from the paradigm of disease in whi [..]

Birds, like any animals, are subject to illness, and the migratory nature of many species makes it hard to control the spread of contagious diseases, such as avian cholera. Avian botulism, which is co [..]

An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to Mutation of the Gene CYP27A1 encoding a Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase. It is characterized by large deposits of Cholesterol and Cholestanol in v [..]

Pathological Processes involving any of the Blood Vessels in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include Diseases of Arteries; Veins; and Rest of the vasculature system in the body.

Skin Diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous Blood Vessels and generally manifested as Inflammation, swelling, Erythema, or Necrosis in the affected area.

Pathological Processes of the Vestibular Labyrinth which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular Diseases show instability and are at Risk of frequent falls.

Skin Diseases caused by Viruses.

Viral Diseases which are transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct.

A general term for Diseases produced by Viruses.

A Syndrome characterized by bilateral granulomatous Uveitis with Iritis and secondary Glaucoma, premature Alopecia, symmetrical Vitiligo, poliosis circumscripta (a strand of depigmented Hair), Hearing [..]

Pathological Processes of the Vulva.

A form of Panniculitis characterized by recurrent episodes of Fever accompanied by the eruption of single or multiple erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the Lower Extremities. They normally resolve, [..]

A severe form of Leptospirosis, usually caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and occasionally other serovars. It is transmitted to Humans by the rat and is characterized by hem [..]

Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a Disease associated with decreased Platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases Immunoglobulin G Autoantibodies which a [..]

A chronic systemic Infection by a gram-positive bacterium, Tropheryma whippelii, mainly affecting the Small Intestine but also the JOINTS; Cardiovascular System; and the Central Nervous System. The Di [..]

A congenital reproductive abnormality in White female offspring (heifers) in certain breeds of Cattle, such as Belgian Blue and Shorthorn. The White Color is inherited as a recessive trait which is as [..]

Any of various Diseases affecting the White matter of the Central Nervous System.

A myodegeneration most frequent in calves and lambs whose dams have been fed during Gestation or longer on feeds, especially Legumes (Fabaceae), grown in certain areas where Selenium is either deficie [..]

The severe infantile form of inherited lysosomal lipid storage Diseases due to deficiency of acid Lipase (Sterol Esterase). It is characterized by the accumulation of neutral Lipids, particularly Chol [..]

A distinct variant of Mycosis Fungoides characterized by the presence of localized patches or plaques with an intraepidermal proliferation of neoplastic Cells.

Genetic Diseases that are linked to Gene Mutations on the X Chromosome in Humans (X Chromosome, Human) or the X Chromosome in other species. Included here are Animal Models of Human X-linked Diseases.

Genetic Diseases that are linked to mutant Alleles on the Y Chromosome in Humans (Y Chromosome, Human) or the Y Chromosome in other species. Included here are Animal Models of Human Y-linked Diseases.

A persistent progressive non-elevated red scaly or crusted plaque which is due to an intradermal Carcinoma and is potentially malignant. Atypical squamous Cells proliferate through the whole thickness [..]

Pathological Processes of the Breast.

Malignant Lymphoma in which the lymphomatous Cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the Lymph Nodes. The nodules resemble to some extent the Germinal Center of Lymph Node follicles and m [..]

A non-atherosclerotic, inflammatory thrombotic Disease that commonly involves small and medium-sized Arteries or Veins in the extremities. It is characterized by occlusive Thrombosis and Fibrosis in t [..]

A lesion in the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues due to Infections by Mycobacterium ulcerans. It was first reported in Uganda, Africa.

A non-hereditary Kidney disorder characterized by the abnormally dilated (Ectasia) medullary and inner papillary portions of the collecting ducts. These collecting ducts usually contain Cysts or Diver [..]

A condition occurring as a result of exposure to a rapid fall in ambient Pressure. Gases, Nitrogen in particular, come out of solution and form bubbles in Body Fluid and Blood. These gas bubbles accum [..]

Pathological conditions involving the Cardiovascular System including the Heart; the Blood Vessels; or the Pericardium.

Congenital cystic Dilatation of the Intrahepatic Bile Ducts (Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic). It consists of 2 types: simple Caroli Disease is characterized by Bile Duct Dilatation (Ectasia) alone; and comp [..]

Infections by the genus Bartonella. Bartonella bacilliformis can cause acute febrile Anemia, designated Oroya Fever, and a benign Skin eruption, called verruga peruana. Bartonella quintana causes Tren [..]

A self-limiting Bacterial Infection of the regional Lymph Nodes caused by Afipia Felis, a gram-negative bacterium recently identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by Bartonell [..]

Diseases of domestic Cattle of the genus Bos. It includes Diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

Pathological developments in the Cecum.

A Malabsorption Syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of Foods containing Gluten, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by Inflammation of the Small Intestine, loss of Microvill [..]

Diseases that Affect the structure or function of the Cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, Gait Ataxia, and Muscle Hypotonia.

Pathological conditions of intracranial Arteries supplying the Cerebrum. These Diseases often are due to abnormalities or Pathological Processes in the Anterior Cerebral Artery; Middle Cerebral Artery [..]

Infection with the protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, a form of Trypanosomiasis endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian Physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the Par [..]

Disorders of the Choroid including hereditary Choroidal Diseases, Neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the Uvea.

A deficiency of Blood Coagulation Factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first Patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical f [..]

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the Pa [..]

A recessive X-linked defect of Leukocyte function in which Phagocytic Cells ingest but fail to digest Bacteria, resulting in recurring Bacterial Infections with Granuloma formation.

A group of rare, idiopathic, congenital Retinal vascular anomalies affecting the Retinal Capillaries. It is characterized by dilation and tortuosity of Retinal Vessels and formation of multiple Aneury [..]

Pathological Processes of the Snail-like structure (Cochlea) of the inner ear (Labyrinth) which can involve its nervous Tissue, Blood Vessels, or fluid (Endolymph).

Historically, a heteroGeneous group of acute and Chronic Diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Progressive Systemic Sclerosis, Dermatomyositis, etc. This Classificati [..]

Pathological Processes in the Colon region of the Large Intestine (Intestine, Large).

A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the Elements of Connective Tissue, i.e., Collagen, elastin, or t [..]

An Adenoma of the Zona Glomerulosa that produces Aldosterone and Hyperaldosteronism.

Diseases of the Cornea.

Pathological Processes of CORONARY Arteries that may derive from a Congenital Abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the Coronary Vessels to supply sufficient Blood flow. It is a form of Myocardial Ischemia (insufficient Blood supply to the [..]

A Hereditary Disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the Oral Mucosa are the most c [..]

Diseases or disorders of the Muscles of the head and neck, with special reference to the Masticatory Muscles. The most notable examples are Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Temporomandibular Join [..]

A Disease of the Pituitary Gland characterized by the excess amount of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) by the Adrenal Glands resulting i [..]

A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the Kidney contains one or more Cysts unilaterally or bilaterally (Kidney, Cystic).

A Metabolic Disease characterized by the defective transport of Cystine across the lysosomal Membrane due to Mutation of a Membrane Protein cystinosin. This results in Cystine accumulation and Crystal [..]

Infection with Cytomegalovirus, characterized by enlarged Cells bearing Intranuclear Inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the Salivary Glands are the most common site in Children, as [..]

An autosomal dominantly inherited Skin disorder characterized by warty malodorous papules that coalesce into plaques. It is caused by Mutations in the ATP2A2 Gene encoding SERCA2 protein, one of the S [..]

Stenosing Tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis Tendons in the first dorsal Wrist compartment. The presenting symptoms are usually Pain and tenderness at the radia [..]

A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all Diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or Amino Acids), Vitamins, and Minerals. [..]

Endodontic Diseases of the Dental Pulp inside the Tooth, which is distinguished from Periapical Diseases of the Tissue surrounding the root.

X-linked recessive Nephrolithiasis characterized by Hypercalciuria; Hypophosphatemia; Nephrocalcinosis; and Proteinuria. It is associated with Mutations in the voltage-gated Chloride Channel, CLC-5 (D [..]

A Rare Disease characterized by multiple Tumor-like fatty deposits that press on nerves in various sites causing Pain and weakness. Often these Lipoma-like structures are located on the trunk and limb [..]

A Syndrome characterized by acute Optic Neuritis in combination with acute Myelitis, Transverse. Demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions form in one or both Optic Nerves and in the spinal cord. The o [..]

A Myeloproliferative Disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic Elements with atypical Erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral Blood.

Diseases in any part of the Gastrointestinal Tract or the accessory organs (LIVER; Biliary Tract; Pancreas).

Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include Diseases of wild Dogs, Wolves; Foxes; and other Canidae for which the heading Carnivora is used.

A spectrum of clinical Liver Diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to Acute Liver Failure, caused by Drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the Environment.

Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular Disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or Bullous Lesions. The Dis [..]

Pathological conditions in the Duodenum region of the Small Intestine (Intestine, Small).

Any of a variety of eruptive Skin disorders characterized by Erythema, oozing, vesiculation, and scaling. Etiology is varied.

A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited Collagen Diseases caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of Fibrillar Collagen. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, [..]

Infectious Diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.

The constant presence of Diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or Population Group. It may also refer to the usual Prevalence of a given Disease with such area or group. It incl [..]

Diseases of the bones related to hyperfunction or hypofunction of the Endocrine Glands.

Breast Diseases which are Hormone-dependent or responsive to endocrine signals.

Pathological Processes of the Endocrine Glands, and Diseases resulting from abnormal level of available Hormones.

The end-stage of Chronic Renal Insufficiency. It is characterized by the severe irreversible Kidney damage (as measured by the level of Proteinuria) and the reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate to [..]

Pathological Processes in the Esophagus.

Diseases affecting the eye.

An X-linked inherited Metabolic Disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha-Galactosidase A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other Glycosphingolip [..]

Diseases of the Facial Nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may Affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the [..]

Diseases involving the Fallopian Tubes including Neoplasms (Fallopian Tube Neoplasms); Salpingitis; tubo-ovarian Abscess; and blockage.

A Disease of young Infants characterized by soft Tissue swellings over the affected bones, Fever, and irritability, and marked by periods of remission and exacerbation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Diseases of the Domestic Cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include Diseases of the so-called big Cats such as Cheetahs; Lions; Tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felid [..]

Pathophysiological conditions of the Fetus in the Uterus. Some fetal Diseases may be treated with Fetal Therapies.

A common and benign Breast Disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the Breast Tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including Fibrosis, formation o [..]

Diseases of Freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes Diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and Elasmobranchs (Sharks, rays and skates).

A Syndrome of multiple abnormalities characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the Patella and congenital Nail dystrophy. It is a genetically determined autosomal dominant trait.

Acute illnesses, usually affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract, brought on by consuming contaminated Food or Beverages. Most of these Diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of Bacteria, Viruses, [..]

Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the Foot.

An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to deficient expression of amylo-1,6-Glucosidase (one part of the Glycogen Debranching Enzyme System). The clinical course of the Disease is similar to th [..]

A Disease of Elderly men characterized by large Osteophytes that bridge vertebrae and ossification of Ligaments and Tendon insertions.

A Syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating Pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the Trigeminal Nerve. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of Trigg [..]

Chronic pruritic Disease, usually in Women, characterized by small follicular papular eruptions in Apocrine Glands areas. It is caused by obstruction and Rupture of intraepidermal apocrine ducts.

An autosomal recessive Disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by deGeneration of the Spinocerebellar Tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal trac [..]

A Postpartum condition consists of persistent Lactation (Galactorrhea) and Amenorrhea in Patients not Breast Feeding.

Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized Irritable Bowel Syndrome falls into this category.

An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of Galactosylceramidase leading to intralysosomal accumulation of Galactolipids such as Galactosylceramides and Psychosine. It is chara [..]

Diseases of the Gallbladder. They generally involve the impairment of Bile flow, Gallstones in the Biliary Tract, Infections, Neoplasms, or other Diseases.

An autosomal dominant familial disorder which presents in infancy or childhood and is characterized by episodes of weakness associated with Hyperkalemia. During attacks, Muscles of the Lower Extremiti [..]

Diseases in any segment of the Gastrointestinal Tract from Esophagus to Rectum.

Diseases of the Skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various Inborn Errors of Metabolism.

An autosomal dominant familial Prion Disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations including Ataxia, Spastic Paraparesis, extrapyramidal signs, and Dementia. Clinical onset is in the third to [..]

A group of Diseases arising from Pregnancy that are commonly associated with Hyperplasia of Trophoblasts (Trophoblast) and markedly elevated Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. They include Hydatidiform Mol [..]

An autosomal recessive Disease in which Gene Expression of Glucose-6-Phosphatase is absent, resulting in Hypoglycemia due to lack of Glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and Kidney le [..]

A benign familial disorder, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. It is characterized by low-grade chronic Hyperbilirubinemia with considerable daily fluctuations of the Bilirubin level.

An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of Acid beta-Glucosidase (Glucosylceramidase) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in Cells of the Mononuclear Phago [..]

A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the Enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some Patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more ge [..]

Diseases of the domestic or wild Goat of the genus Capra.

Mandibulofacial Dysostosis with congenital eyelid Dermoids.

Condition characterized by large, rapidly extending, erythematous, tender plaques on the upper body usually accompanied by Fever and dermal infiltration of neutrophilic Leukocytes. It occurs mostly in [..]

A Mitochondrial Myopathy characterized by slowly progressive Paralysis of the levator palpebrae, orbicularis oculi, and extraocular Muscles. Ragged-red fibers and Atrophy are found on Muscle Biopsy. F [..]

An acute generalized Dermatitis of Pigs which occurs from 5 to 35 days of age, characterized by sudden onset, with Morbidity of 10 to 90% and Mortality of 5 to 90%. The lesions are caused by Staphyloc [..]

Infection with nematodes of the genus Dracunculus. One or more worms may be seen at a Time, with the Legs and Feet being the most commonly infected areas. Symptoms include Pruritus, Nausea, Vomiting, [..]

A Dyskinesia characterized by an inability to maintain the fingers, toes, tongue, or other Body Parts in a stable position, resulting in continuous slow, sinusoidal, and flowing involuntary Movements. [..]

A chronic granulomatous Infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the Skin, the Mucous Membranes, and the Peripheral Nerves. Two polar or principal types ar [..]

Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high Serum Thyroid Autoantibodies; Goiter; and Hypothyroidism.

Pathological conditions involving the Heart including its structural and functional abnormalities.

Pathological conditions involving any of the various Heart Valves and the associated structures (Papillary Muscles and Chordae Tendineae).

A Tick-borne septicemic Disease of domestic and wild Ruminants caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium.

Infection with nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, usually in Animals, especially Dogs, but occasionally in man.

Hyperplasia of the Mucous Membrane of the Lips, tongue, and less commonly, the Buccal Mucosa, floor of the Mouth, and Palate, presenting soft, painless, round to oval sessile papules about 1 to 4 mm i [..]

A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of Hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild Anemia to Death, depending on the number of Genes deleted.

A Disease characterized by chronic Hemolytic Anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for Hemoglobin S.

Liver Disease that is caused by injuries to the Endothelial Cells of the vessels and subendothelial Edema, but not by Thrombosis. Extracellular Matrix, rich in Fibronectins, is usually deposited aroun [..]

Diseases caused by genetic Mutations that are inherited from a Parent's Genome.

Hereditary Inflammation conditions, characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic Inflammation. Common symptoms include recurrent Fever, Rash, arthritis, Fatigue, and secondary Amyloidosis. Heredita [..]

Transmission of Gene defects or Chromosomal Aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at Birth, but may be manife [..]

A hepatic Glycogen Storage Disease in which there is an apparent deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase (Glycogen Phosphorylase, Liver Form) activity.

Congenital Megacolon resulting from the absence of Ganglion Cells (aGanglionosis) in a distal segment of the Large Intestine. The aGanglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing Dilatation [..]

A malignant Disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the Lymph Nodes, spleen, and general Lymphoid Tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and Reed-Ster [..]

An alleleic variant of Darier's Disease.

Diseases of domestic and wild Horses of the species Equus caballus.

A fulminant and often fatal Demyelinating Disease of the Brain which primarily Affects Young Adults and Children. Clinical features include the rapid onset of weakness, Seizures, and Coma. It may foll [..]

A respiratory distress Syndrome in Newborn Infants, usually Premature Infants with insufficient Pulmonary Surfactants. The Disease is characterized by the formation of a Hyaline-like Membrane lining t [..]

Neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and other Diseases of the Hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include Appetite disorders; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Sleep Disorders; Behavioral Symptom [..]

Any adverse condition in a Patient occurring as the result of treatment by a Physician, surgeon, or other Health professional, especially Infections acquired by the Patient during the course of treatm [..]

Pathological development in the Ileum including the Ileocecal Valve.

Group of Diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of Antigen and antibody with resultant damage to Tissue. Besides Serum Sickness and the Arthus Reaction, evidence supports a pat [..]

Exuberant inflammatory response towards previously undiagnosed or incubating opportunistic pathogens. It is frequently seen in AIDS Patients following HAART.

Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, Cell-mediated, or both.

Diseases that are caused by genetic Mutations present during Embryo or Fetal Development, although they may be observed later in Life. The Mutations may be inherited from a Parent's Genome or the [..]

This type usually shows severe neurological effect in the first year of Life.

An early onset form of Phytanic Acid Storage Disease with clinical and biochemical signs different from those of Refsum Disease. Features include Mental Retardation; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Osteop [..]

Bone Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

Skin Diseases caused by Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, or Viruses.

Pathological Processes in any segment of the Intestine from Duodenum to Rectum.

Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the Iris.

A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient Blood flow to the Muscle Tissue of the Heart. The decreased Blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary Arteries (Coronary Artery Disease), [..]

A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with Sleep disturbances, Personality changes, Ataxia; Aphasia, visual loss, Wea [..]

Pathological development in the Jejunum region of the Small Intestine.

A chronic Gastroenteritis in Ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.

A chronic, fungal, subcutaneous Infection endemic in rural regions in South America and Central America. The causal organism is Lacazia labol.

A malignancy of mature Plasma Cells engaging in monoclonal Immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones Proteins (free monoclonal Immunoglobulin Light Chains [..]

Disabling Osteochondrodysplasia with Osteosclerosis, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the Diaphysis. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., Selenium [..]

An X-linked recessive form of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. It is due to a Mutation of the Gene encoding the Androgen Receptor.

A generalized or disseminated form of Pagetoid Reticulosis. Some authors consider it to be a primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotrophic CD8+ T-Cell Lymphoma.

Pathological Processes of the Kidney or its component Tissues.

Development of lesions in the Lymph Node characterized by infiltration of the cortex or paracortex by large Collections of proliferating Histiocytes and complete or, more often, incomplete Necrosis of [..]

A congenital disorder that is characterized by a triad of Capillary malformations (Hemangioma), venous malformations (Arteriovenous Fistula), and soft Tissue or bony Hypertrophy of the limb. This Synd [..]

Any of the infectious Diseases of man and other Animals caused by species of Mycobacterium.

Variously described as a vasculopathy, endovasculitis, or occlusive arteriopathy, this condition occurs in a benign cutaneous form and a lethal multiorgan systemic variant. It is characterized by a na [..]

A form of presenile Dementia characterized by cortical Dementia, Neurofibrillary Tangles without SENILE PLAQUES, Fahr's type Calcinosis, and Atrophy in frontotemporal or Temporal Lobe.

Tick-borne Flavivirus Infection occurring in the Kyasanur Forest in India.

Diseases of the Lacrimal Apparatus.

A form of stimulus sensitive Myoclonic Epilepsy inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. The most common presenting feature is a single Seizure in the second decade of Life. This is followed by [..]

Pathological Processes involving any part of the Larynx which coordinates many functions such as Voice production, Breathing, Swallowing, and coughing.

A maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-Life as acute or subacute central Vision loss leading to central Scotoma and Blindness. The Disease has been associated with Missense Mutation [..]

An acute, sometimes fatal, Pneumonia-like Bacterial Infection characterized by high Fever, malaise, Muscle aches, respiratory disorders and Headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelph [..]

A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, Hypotonia, Ataxia, weakness, Vision loss, Eye Movement abnormalities, Seizures, Dysp [..]

A Superinfection of the damaged oropharyngeal Mucosa by Fusobacterium necrophorum leading to the secondary septic Thrombophlebitis of the internal Jugular Vein.

A group of severe Neurodegenerative Diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (Ceroid; Lipofuscin) in Neurons. There are several subtypes based o [..]

Pathological Processes of the LIVER.

A degenerative disorder affecting upper Motor Neurons in the Brain and lower Motor Neurons in the Brain Stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fa [..]

A Poxvirus Infection of Cattle characterized by the appearance of nodules on all parts of the Skin.

An autosomal recessive trait with impaired Cell-Mediated Immunity. About 15 Human papillomaviruses are implicated in associated Infection, four of which Lead to Skin Neoplasms. The Disease begins in c [..]

An infectious Disease caused by a Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see Ixodes) and pacificus Ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see Ixodes) [..]

Diseases of Lymph; Lymph Nodes; or Lymphatic Vessels.

Inborn Errors of Metabolism characterized by defects in specific lysosomal Hydrolases and resulting in intracellular accumulation of unmetabolized substrates.

Diffuse Lipomatosis of the neck. It is also known as fat neck or horsecollar Lipomata.

Pathological Processes involving the male reproductive tract (Genitalia, Male).

An Intraductal Carcinoma of the Breast extending to involve the Nipple and areola, characterized clinically by Eczema-like inflammatory Skin changes and histologically by infiltration of the Dermis by [..]

An RNA Virus Infection of rhesus, vervet, and Squirrel Monkeys transmissible to man.

Symmetrical osteitis of the four limbs, chiefly localized to the phalanges and the terminal Epiphyses of the long bones of the forearm and leg, sometimes extending to the proximal ends of the limbs an [..]

A heterogenous group of disorders characterized by the abnormal increase of Mast Cells in only the Skin (Mastocytosis, Cutaneous), in extracutaneous Tissues involving multiple organs (Mastocytosis, Sy [..]

Glycogenosis due to Muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful Cramps following sustained Exercise.

Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified.

Gastritis with Hypertrophy of the Gastric Mucosa. It is characterized by giant gastric folds, diminished acid Secretion, excessive Mucus Secretion, and Hypoproteinemia. Symptoms include Vomiting; Diar [..]

A Disease of the inner ear (Labyrinth) that is characterized by fluctuating Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Tinnitus; episodic Vertigo; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of Endolymphatic Hydr [..]

Generic term for Diseases caused by an abnormal Metabolic Process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (Metabolism, Inborn Errors) or acquired due to Disease of an endocrine organ [..]

Diseases of the Skin associated with underlying metabolic disorders.

Nonfilarial, noninfective, usually crystalline blockage of the limb lymphatics, almost always affecting the Lower Limbs and especially the Feet.

A chronic, benign, and usually painless inflammatory swelling of the lacrimal and Salivary Glands. It is considered by some to include the glandular enlargement associated with other Diseases, such as [..]

A Kidney Disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on Light Microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the Epithelial Cells of Kidney Tubules [..]

Diseases caused by abnormal function of the Mitochondria. They may be caused by Mutations, acquired or inherited, in Mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear Genes that code for Mitochondrial components. They [..]

Diseases of Old World and New World Monkeys. This term includes Diseases of Baboons but not of Chimpanzees or Gorillas (= Ape Diseases).

An unexplained illness which is characterized by Skin Manifestations including non-healing lesions, Itching, and the appearance of fibers. There appears to be a strong Association with Lyme Disease.

Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide Metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities, Joint Instability, development of cervical Myelopathy, and excessive urinary Keratan Sulfate. There are two b [..]

An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by Platelet Aggregation with Thrombosis in terminal Arterioles and Capillaries. Clinical features include Thrombocytopenia; Hemolytic Anemia; Azote [..]

A noninflammatory, progressive occlusion of the intracranial Carotid Arteries and the formation of netlike collateral Arteries arising from the Circle of Willis. Cerebral angiogram shows the puff-of-s [..]

Diseases of the Muscles and their associated Ligaments and other Connective Tissue and of the bones and Cartilage viewed collectively.