The basic biological units of heredity. Segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) needed to contribute to a function. An official definition: According to the official Guidelines for Human Gene Nomenclature, a gene is defined as "a DNA segment that contributes to phenotype/function. In the absence of demonstrated function a gene may be character [..]

//www.medicinenet.com/breast_cancer_facts_stages/article.htm">breast cancer susceptibility: See: Breast cancer susceptibility genes.

 The biological units of heredity; discrete sections of chromosomes responsible for transmission of traits.

The part of a cell that contains DNA. The DNA information in a person's genes is inherited from both sides of a person’s family.

Structures in the chromosomes of cells that carry hereditary information.

These are basic hereditary units, each having a specified place in the chromosomes of an individual. The genes determine the color of the eyes, the type of hair, the height, etc. of each person, which they inherit from their progenitors.

A sequence of nucleotides that code for a trait; the basic unit of inheritance. © Nature Education

A unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that determines a particular characteristic of an organism.

Genes are the biochemical units of heredity that form the chromosomes. The genes are essentially the segments of DNA molecules that contain the code for particular peptides or proteins which then dete [..]

the total complement of hereditary factors contained within an organism: the unit of inheritance.

segments of DNA

units of heredity

N F birth| nativity| begining; one's birth (astrologically)| horoscope| destiny

A set of instructions that control how the cells in your body grow and work. Genes are inherited from your parents. They control things like eye colour.

These aren't the blue pants that hang in your closet! These genes hang out all lined up on thread-like things called chromosomes (say: kro-moh-soamz). Genes are made up of segments of DNA and the [..]

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of Heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, Reproduction, and Maintenance of organisms.

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (abl) originally isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV). The Proto-Oncogene abl (c-abl) codes for a protein that is a member of the Tyrosine Kina [..]

Tumor Suppressor Genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of Human Chromosome 5. The Mutation of these Genes is associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) and [..]

Regulatory Genes which encode a Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein required for L-arabinose utilization in E. coli. It is an example of positive control or Regulation of Gene Expression in the bacterial Oper [..]

The functional genetic units of Archaea.

The functional hereditary units of Bacteria.

The B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma-2 Genes, responsible for blocking Apoptosis in normal Cells, and associated with Follicular Lymphoma when overexpressed. Overexpression results from the t(14;18) transloca [..]

A Tumor Suppressor Gene (Genes, Tumor Suppressor) located on Human Chromosome 17 at locus 17q21. Mutations of this Gene are associated with the formation of familial Breast and ovarian cancer. It enco [..]

A Tumor Suppressor Gene (Genes, Tumor Suppressor) located on Human Chromosome 13 at locus 13q12.3. Mutations in this Gene predispose Humans to Breast and ovarian cancer. It encodes a large, nuclear pr [..]

Genes that code for Proteins that regulate the Cell Division Cycle. These Genes form a regulatory network that culminates in the onset of Mitosis by activating the p34cdc2 protein (PROTEIN P34CDC2).

Those nucleic acid sequences that function as units of Heredity which are located within the Chloroplast DNA.

Tumor Suppressor Genes located in the 18q21-qter region of Human Chromosome 18. The absence of these Genes is associated with the formation of colorectal cancer (DCC stands for deleted in colorectal c [..]

Genes that determine the fate of a Cell or Cells in a region of the Embryo during Embryonic Development.

Genes that influence the Phenotype both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.

Two identical Genes showing the same phenotypic action but localized in different regions of a Chromosome or on different Chromosomes. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecula [..]

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) Proteins in Retroviruses. The env Genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev Protein (= Gene Products, rev), term [..]

Genes related to the erbA DNA sequence that was first isolated from the Avian Erythroblastosis Virus (Erythroblastosis Virus, Avian), v-erbA. In Cells, erbA Genes encode Thyroid Hormone Receptors (Rec [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (erbB) originally isolated from, or related to, the Avian Erythroblastosis Virus (AEV). These Genes code for the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Family of r [..]

The Proto-Oncogene c-erbB-1 codes for the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Its name originates from the viral homolog v-erbB which was isolated from an Avian Erythroblastosis Virus (AEV) where it was [..]

Those Genes found in an organism which are necessary for its viability and normal function.

Family of Genes originally isolated from the Susan McDonough strain of feline Sarcoma Virus (Sarcoma Viruses, Feline). The Proto-Oncogene fms (c-fms) codes for the MCSF receptor (Receptor, Macrophage [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (fos) originally isolated from the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) Murine Sarcoma Viruses. The proto-Oncogene Protein c-fos codes [..]

The functional hereditary units of Fungi.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for Proteins associated with the viral core in Retroviruses. gag is short for group-specific Antigen.

The functional hereditary units of Helminths.

Constitutively and evenly expressed Genes involved in routine cellular metabolisms.

Genes that encode highly conserved Transcription Factors that control positional identity of Cells (Body Patterning) and Morphogenesis throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 Nucleotide [..]

Genes that show rapid and transient expression in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for Viral Genes where immediate-early referred to transcription imm [..]

Genes encoding the different subunits of the Immunoglobulins, for example the Immunoglobulin Light Chain Genes and the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes. The heavy and Light Immunoglobulin Genes are pr [..]

Genes and Gene segments encoding the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains. Gene segments of the heavy chain Genes are symbolized V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining), and C (constant).

Genes and Gene segments encoding the Immunoglobulin Light Chains. Gene segments of the Light chain Genes are designated as V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant).

The functional hereditary units of Insects.

Genes of IAP Elements (a Family of Retrovirus-like genetic Elements) which code for Virus-like particles (IAPs) found regularly in Rodent early Embryos. ("Intracisternal" refers to the ciste [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (jun) originally isolated from the Avian Sarcoma Virus 17 (ASV 17). The Proto-Oncogene jun (c-jun) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in Growth-related t [..]

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function Mutation leads to the Death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be Essential Genes (Genes, Essential) required for viability, or Genes which cau [..]

Fungal Genes that mostly encode Transcription Factors. In some Fungi they also encode Pheromones and Pheromone Receptors. The Transcription Factors control expression of specific Proteins that give a [..]

Tumor Suppressor Genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of Human Chromosome 5. The Mutation of these Genes is associated with the formation of colorectal cancer (MCC stands for mutated in co [..]

Genetic Loci in the Vertebrate Major Histocompatibility Complex which encode polymorphic characteristics not related to immune responsiveness or Complement activity, e.g., B loci (Chicken), DLA (dog), [..]

Genetic Loci in the Vertebrate Major Histocompatibility Complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific Antigens. The Genes are found in the HLA-D region in Huma [..]

Genes that are located on the Mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial inheritance is often referred to as maternal inheritance but should be differentiated from maternal inheritance that is transmitted chrom [..]

Genes with Alleles that Affect the Phenotype associated with a nonallelic Gene.

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (mos) originally isolated from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV). The Proto-Oncogene mos (c-mos) codes for a protein which is a member of the Serine Kinase [..]

Genes for Membrane Transport Proteins that confer resistance to toxic compounds. Several superfamilies of these multidrug export Proteins are known and found in both prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-myb) originally isolated from the avian myeloblastosis and E26 Leukemia Viruses. The Proto-Oncogene c-myb codes for a nuclear protein involved in transcriptional [..]

Family of Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (myc) originally isolated from an avian myelocytomatosis Virus. The Proto-Oncogene myc (c-myc) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in nucleic ac [..]

DNA sequences that form the coding region for a protein that down-regulates the expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). nef is short for negative factor.

Genes whose abnormal expression, or Mutation are associated with the development, Growth, or progression of Neoplasms.

Genes whose entire sequences are contained within other Genes.

The erbB-2 Gene is a Proto-Oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 Receptor (Receptor, erbB-2), a protein with structural features similar to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Its name originates from [..]

Tumor Suppressor Genes located on the long arm of Human Chromosome 17 in the region 17q11.2. Mutation of these Genes is thought to cause Neurofibromatosis 1, Watson Syndrome, and LEOPARD Syndrome.

Tumor Suppressor Genes located on the long arm of Human Chromosome 22. Mutation or loss of these Genes causes Neurofibromatosis 2.

Genes whose Nucleotide Sequences overlap to some degree. The overlapped sequences may involve structural or Regulatory Genes of eukaryotic or Prokaryotic Cells.

Tumor Suppressor Genes located on Human Chromosome 9 in the region 9p21. This Gene is either deleted or mutated in a wide range of malignancies. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995) Two alternatively [..]

The functional hereditary units of Plants.

A single Gene that influences several distinct and seemly unrelated phenotypic outcomes.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral Enzymes including Reverse Transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/Integrase. "pol" is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of Rev [..]

The B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma-1 Genes, associated with various Neoplasms when overexpressed. Overexpression results from the t(11;14) translocation, which is characteristic of mantle zone-derived B-Cel [..]

The functional hereditary units of protozoa.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for at least three Proteins which regulate the expression of Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and Human T-lymphotropic virus 2. The Proteins are p21(x), p27(rex), [..]

Genes involved in activating the enzyme VDJ Recombinase. RAG-1 is located on Chromosome 11 in Humans (Chromosome 2 in Mice) and is expressed exclusively in maturing Lymphocytes.

Family of Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, Rash) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) Murine Sarcoma Viruses. Ras Genes are widely conserved among [..]

Genes that influence the Phenotype only in the homozygous state.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other Genes; specifically, Genes which code for Proteins or RNAs which have Gene Expression Regulation functions.

Family of Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-rel) originally isolated from an Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus strain. The Proto-Oncogene rel (c-rel) codes for a subcellular (nuclear and cytoplas [..]

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target Genome. In Recombinant DNA Technology, these Genes may be attached to a Promoter [..]

Tumor Suppressor Genes located on Human Chromosome 13 in the region 13q14 and coding for a Family of phosphoproteins with Molecular Weights ranging from 104 kDa to 115 kDa. One copy of the wild-type R [..]

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into Ribosomes. Prokaryotic rRNA Genes are usually found in Operons dispersed throughout [..]

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Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-sis) originally isolated from the Simian Sarcoma Virus (SSV). The Proto-Oncogene c-sis codes for a Growth factor which is the B chain of Platelet-Derived Growth [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (src) originally isolated from the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). The Proto-Oncogene src (c-src) codes for a protein that is a member of the Tyrosine Kinase Family and w [..]

The primary Testis-determining Gene in mammalians, located on the Y Chromosome. It codes for a high mobility group box Transcription Factor (Transcription Factors) which initiates the development of t [..]

Transgenes encoding Enzymes which can convert non-toxic Prodrugs into cytotoxic metabolites, thereby inducing Cell Death.

Genes that have a suppressor Allele or suppressor Mutation (Suppression, Genetic) which cancels the effect of a previous Mutation, enabling the wild-type Phenotype to be maintained or partially restor [..]

Genes that cause the epigenotype (i.e., the interrelated developmental pathways through which the Adult organism is realized) to switch to an alternate Cell Lineage-related pathway. Switch complexes c [..]

Biologically functional sequences of DNA chemically synthesized In Vitro.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the protein responsible for trans-activation of transcription (tat) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

DNA sequences, in Cells of the T-Lymphocyte lineage, that code for T-Cell Receptors. The TcR Genes are formed by somatic rearrangement (see Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte and its Children) of germli [..]

DNA sequences encoding the alpha chain of the T-Cell Receptor. The genomic Organization of the TcR alpha Genes is essentially the same in all species and is similar to the Organization of Ig Genes.

DNA sequences encoding the beta chain of the T-Cell Receptor. The genomic Organization of the TcR beta Genes is essentially the same in all species and is similar to the Organization of Ig Genes.

DNA sequences encoding the delta chain of the T-Cell Receptor. The delta-chain locus is located entirely within the alpha-chain locus.

DNA sequences encoding the gamma chain of the T-Cell Receptor. The Human gamma-chain locus is organized similarly to the TcR beta-chain locus.

Tumor Suppressor Genes located on the short arm of Human Chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.

Genes whose gain-of-function alterations Lead to Neoplastic Cell Transformation. They include, for example, Genes for activators or stimulators of Cell Proliferation such as Growth factors, Growth Fac [..]

Genes that are used transgenically, i.e., via Gene Transfer Techniques to induce Cell Death.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for a protein that regulates the expression of the viral structural and regulatory Proteins in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). rev is short for regulator [..]

Genes that inhibit expression of the Tumorigenic Phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular Growth in check. When Tumor Suppressor Genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal pro [..]

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the vif (Virion infectivity factor) protein that is important for the Generation of infectious Virions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The former n [..]

The functional hereditary units of Viruses.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for a Trans-Activator protein that specifies rapid Growth in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). vpr is short for Viral Protein R, where R is undefined.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the HIV-1 regulatory protein vpu (viral protein U) that greatly increases the export of Virus Particles from infected Cells. The vpu Genes are not present [..]

Genes at loci that are involved in the development of Wilms Tumor. Included are Human WT1 at 11p13 and Human WT2 (MTACR1) at 11p15.

Tumor Suppressor Gene located in the 11p13 region on the short arm of Human Chromosome 11. The absence of this Gene is associated with the formation of Wilms Tumor. It encodes several Isoforms that ar [..]

Genes located at on the short arm of Chromosome 11, at band p15 whose absence is associated with the formation of Wilms Tumor. This Wilms Tumor locus is also associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrom [..]

Genes that are located on the X Chromosome.

Genes that are located on the Y Chromosome.

Those genes found in an organism which are necessary for its viability and normal function.

Family of genes originally isolated from the Susan McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus (SARCOMA VIRUSES, FELINE). The proto-oncogene fms (c-fms) codes for the MCSF receptor (RECEPTOR, MACROPHAGE [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (fos) originally isolated from the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses. The proto-oncogene protein c-fos codes [..]

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for proteins associated with the viral core in retroviruses. gag is short for group-specific antigen.

The functional hereditary units of HELMINTHS.

Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide [..]

Genes that show rapid and transient expression in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral genes where immediate-early referred to transcription imm [..]

Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are pr [..]

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS. Gene segments of the heavy chain genes are symbolized V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining), and C (constant).

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS. Gene segments of the light chain genes are designated as V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant).

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

Genes of IAP elements (a family of retrovirus-like genetic elements) which code for virus-like particles (IAPs) found regularly in rodent early embryos. ("Intracisternal" refers to the ciste [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (jun) originally isolated from the avian sarcoma virus 17 (ASV 17). The proto-oncogene jun (c-jun) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in growth-related t [..]

Genes which result in the premature death of the organism; dominant lethal genes kill heterozygotes, whereas recessive lethal genes kill only homozygotes.

Fungal genes that mostly encode TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. In some FUNGI they also encode PHEROMONES and PHEROMONE RECEPTORS. The transcription factors control expression of specific proteins that give a [..]

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with the formation of colorectal cancer (MCC stands for mutated in co [..]

Genes responsible for multidrug resistance resulting from their overexpression in mammalian cells. Mammalian P-glycoproteins are encoded by small MDR gene families. The human multidrug resistance 1 (M [..]

Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex which encode polymorphic characteristics not related to immune responsiveness or complement activity, e.g., B loci (chicken), DLA (dog), [..]

Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. The genes are found in the HLA-D region in huma [..]

Genes that are located on the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Mitochondrial inheritance is often referred to as maternal inheritance but should be differentiated from maternal inheritance that is transmitted chrom [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (mos) originally isolated from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV). The proto-oncogene mos (c-mos) codes for a protein which is a member of the serine kinase [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-myb) originally isolated from the avian myeloblastosis and E26 leukemia viruses. The proto-oncogene c-myb codes for a nuclear protein involved in transcriptional [..]

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (myc) originally isolated from an avian myelocytomatosis virus. The proto-oncogene myc (c-myc) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in nucleic ac [..]

DNA sequences that form the coding region for a protein that down-regulates the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). nef is short for negative factor.

Genes whose abnormal expression, or MUTATION are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 17 in the region 17q11.2. Mutation of these genes is thought to cause NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, Watson syndrome, and LEOPARD syndrome.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 22. Mutation or loss of these genes causes NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2.

Genes whose nucleotide sequences overlap to some degree. The overlapped sequences may involve structural or regulatory genes of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells.

Tumor suppressor genes located on human chromosome 9 in the region 9p21. This gene is either deleted or mutated in a wide range of malignancies. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995) Two alternatively [..]

Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral enzymes including reverse transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/integrase. "pol" is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of rev [..]

The functional hereditary units of PROTOZOA.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for at least three proteins which regulate the expression of HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 and HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2. The proteins are p21(x), p27(rex), [..]

Genes involved in activating the enzyme VDJ recombinase. RAG-1 is located on chromosome 11 in humans (chromosome 2 in mice) and is expressed exclusively in maturing lymphocytes.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among [..]

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-rel) originally isolated from an avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain. The proto-oncogene rel (c-rel) codes for a subcellular (nuclear and cytoplas [..]

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter [..]

Tumor suppressor genes located on human chromosome 13 in the region 13q14 and coding for a family of phosphoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 104 kDa to 115 kDa. One copy of the wild-type R [..]

DNA sequences that form the coding region for a protein that regulates the expression of the viral structural and regulatory proteins in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). rev is short for regulator [..]

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-sis) originally isolated from the simian sarcoma virus (SSV). The proto-oncogene c-sis codes for a growth factor which is the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (src) originally isolated from the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). The proto-oncogene src (c-src) codes for a protein that is a member of the tyrosine kinase family and w [..]

The primary testis-determining gene in mammalians, located on the Y CHROMOSOME. It codes for a high mobility group box transcription factor (TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS) which initiates the development of t [..]

Genes that have a suppressor allele or suppressor mutation (SUPPRESSION, GENETIC) which cancels the effect of a previous mutation, enabling the wild-type phenotype to be maintained or partially restor [..]

Genes that cause the epigenotype (i.e., the interrelated developmental pathways through which the adult organism is realized) to switch to an alternate cell lineage-related pathway. Switch complexes c [..]

Biologically functional sequences of DNA chemically synthesized in vitro.

DNA sequences, in cells of the T-lymphocyte lineage, that code for T-cell receptors. The TcR genes are formed by somatic rearrangement (see GENE REARRANGEMENT, T-LYMPHOCYTE and its children) of germli [..]

DNA sequences encoding the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. The genomic organization of the TcR alpha genes is essentially the same in all species and is similar to the organization of Ig genes.

DNA sequences encoding the beta chain of the T-cell receptor. The genomic organization of the TcR beta genes is essentially the same in all species and is similar to the organization of Ig genes.

DNA sequences encoding the delta chain of the T-cell receptor. The delta-chain locus is located entirely within the alpha-chain locus.

DNA sequences encoding the gamma chain of the T-cell receptor. The human gamma-chain locus is organized similarly to the TcR beta-chain locus.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the protein responsible for trans-activation of transcription (tat) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Genes that are used transgenically, i.e., via GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES to induce CELL DEATH.

Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal pro [..]

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the vif (virion infectivity factor) protein that is important for the generation of infectious virions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The former n [..]

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for a trans-activator protein that specifies rapid growth in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). vpr is short for viral protein R, where R is undefined.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the HIV-1 regulatory protein vpu (viral protein U) that greatly increases the export of virus particles from infected cells. The vpu genes are not present [..]

Genes at loci that are involved in the development of WILMS TUMOR. Included are human WT1 at 11p13 and human WT2 (MTACR1) at 11p15.

Genes that are located on the X CHROMOSOME.

Genes that are located on the Y CHROMOSOME.

Specific sequences of nucleotides along a molecule of DNA (or, in the case of some viruses, RNA) which represent functional units of HEREDITY. Most eukaryotic genes contain a set of coding regions (EX [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (abl) originally isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV). The proto-oncogene abl (c-abl) codes for a protein that is a member of the tyrosine kina [..]

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI) and [..]

Regulatory genes which encode a cyclic AMP receptor protein required for L-arabinose utilization in E. coli. It is an example of positive control or regulation of gene expression in the bacterial oper [..]

The functional genetic units of ARCHAEA.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-1 genes, associated with various neoplasms when overexpressed. Overexpression results from the t(11;14) translocation, which is characteristic of mantle zone-derived B-cel [..]

The B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 genes, responsible for blocking apoptosis in normal cells, and associated with follicular lymphoma when overexpressed. Overexpression results from the t(14;18) transloca [..]

A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human chromosome 17 at locus 17q21. Mutations of this gene are associated with the formation of familial breast and ovarian cancer. It enco [..]

A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human chromosome 13 at locus 13q12.3. Mutations in this gene predispose humans to breast and ovarian cancer. It encodes a large, nuclear pr [..]

Genes that code for proteins that regulate the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. These genes form a regulatory network that culminates in the onset of MITOSIS by activating the p34cdc2 protein (PROTEIN P34CDC2).

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 18q21-qter region of human chromosome 18. The absence of these genes is associated with the formation of colorectal cancer (DCC stands for deleted in colorectal c [..]

Genes that determine the fate of a cell or CELLS in a region of the EMBRYO during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.

Two identical genes showing the same phenotypic action but localized in different regions of a chromosome or on different chromosomes. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecula [..]

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV), term [..]

Genes related to the erbA DNA sequence that was first isolated from the avian erythroblastosis virus (ERYTHROBLASTOSIS VIRUS, AVIAN), v-erbA. In cells, erbA genes encode thyroid hormone receptors (REC [..]

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (erbB) originally isolated from, or related to, the avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV). These genes code for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of r [..]

The proto-oncogene c-erbB-1 codes for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral homolog v-erbB which was isolated from an avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) where it was [..]

The erbB-2 gene is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2), a protein with structural features similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from [..]

A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes undergo mutation when their DNA seq [..]

the fundamental unit of heredity; a piece of genetic material (usually DNA, but sometimes RNA) that carries instructions for the production of a particular protein

The tiny factors that control the way the body’s cells grow and behave. Each person has a set of many thousands of genes inherited from both parents. Genes are found in every cell of the body.

Units of hereditary information. Genes contain the instructions for the production of proteins, which make up the structure of cells and direct their activities. 

 Basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes, which are made up of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules called proteins.

The microscopic units that determine how the body’s cells grow and behave. Genes are found in every cell of the body and are inherited from both parents.