1860, with reference to law; see international + -ization.

Another term for fragmentation. Used by Grossman and Helpman (1999).

or i18n (the letter “i” followed by 18 letters, followed by “n”); the design or modification of software for an international audience.

The process of designing and developing a product with a set of features, functions, and options intended to facilitate the adaption of the product to satisfy a variety of cultural environments [POSIX.0].

The principles and practices used in the designing and modification of a product to ensure it performs as expect when adapted for use in different languages and locales (internationalized). Internatio [..]

Internationalization is the process of making a product culturally neutral. In documentation, things such as a idioms and cultural references are not used. Refer also to globalization; localization.

The process of enabling software products to handle multiple languages and cultural conventions such as currency, dates, and local regulatory requirements.

(n) the act of bringing something under international control

The process of producing an application that can be localized for a particular country without any changes to the program code. Internationalized applications store their text in external resources, and use locale-sensitive utilities for formatting and collation.

(i18N) – The design and development of an application that enables easy localization for target audiences, regions, or language.  Put simply, creating an app to include multiple versions that each ser [..]

The active pursuit of activities which support the incorporation of an international perspective into all aspects of teaching and learning.

This is another word for globalization.

The activity of directing the development of software or multimedia products taking into account its multilingual nature to allow localization of its content without affecting the source code. For example, internationalization entails enabling the easy extraction of translatable text to external resource files, correct encoding of the different tar [..]

I18N is a process of integrating specific cultural and local features into a product or service. It indicates the internationalization of computer software. 18n is a numeronym. The i and n stand for t [..]

A means of adapting computer software to different languages, regional differences, and technical requirements of a target market. Sometimes abbreviated as i18n as there are 18 letters between the “i” [..]

The act of creating software with a user interface that can potentially be displayed in more than one language or cultural context. Often shortened to "i18n" (because the word &q [..]

Internationalization is the process of planning and implementing products and services so that they can easily be adapted to specific local languages and cultures, a process called localization.

The process of writing or modifying a program so that it can use multiple languages without requiring further source code changes.

A system whose primary design has been developed to work in multiple languages and in the cultural contexts of different locales.

Association of attributes of text with a point or range of the primary text. The value of a particular tag is not generally considered to be a part of the "content" of the text.

Language-specific processes (sorting, conversion to uppercase, etc.) are defined by the locale, which is provided by the hardware manufacturer. Locales are hardware-specific. In a heterogeneous applic [..]

A character that does not graphically combine with preceding characters, and is neither a control character nor a format character.

A process or the result of mixing left-to-right oriented text and right-to left oriented text in a single line.

Computer architecture that stores multiple-byte numerical values with the most significant byte values first and the least significant byte values last.

A multibyte blended code page, which contains characters out of two or more standard code pages.

Characters must be truncated by the text processing command f.e. when a text is too long for an input or output field.

Minimum unit of text in relation to a particular text process, a particular writing system, and possibly in relation to the text itself.

The order of a series of bytes determined by a computer architecture.

CESU-8 defines an encoding scheme for Unicode identical to UTF-8 except for its representation of supplementary characters.

1. Smallest component of written language that has semantic value. It refers to the abstract meaning and/or shape, rather than a specific shape.

A mapping from a set of nonnegative integers that are elements of a CCS to a set of sequences of particular code units of some specified width, such as 32-bit integers.

Model for the structure of character encodings. There are various character encoding models, for example

Reversible transformation from a set of sequences of code units (from one or more CEF's) to a serialized sequence of bytes.

An ordered collection of characters such as Latin-1, Greek, ISO-8859.

Process of replacing a number of potential elements of a code page with one actual element.The criteria for unification may be according to abstract form, abstract function, or both.

A numerical index (or position) in an encoding table used for encoding characters.

The minimal bit combination that can represent a unit of encoded text for processing or interchange.

Character set in which each character is assigned a numeric code point.

The process of ordering units of textual information according to a well-defined set of rules. Collation is usually specific for a particular language.It is also known as alphabetic sorting.

ISO 639-2 Standard Definition

A character whose visible form is intended to visually combine with or attach to another character.

Character sequence consisting of either a base character followed by a sequence of one or more combining characters, or a sequence of one or more combining characters.

A character encoded only for compatibility with preexisting character encoding standards to support transcoding.

A glyph depicting a combination of two or more glyphs which represent consonants.

The 65 characters in the ranges U+0000...U+001F and U+007F...U+009F are called control codes.

Character code element which represents a composite form that can also be represented by decomposed character code elements.

Process or result of determining the value of property of a text elementor code element. The standard C function isspace () f.e. is a predication or a predicate function on code elements.

Visual form or shape (glyph) used to display a contextual variant of an abstract form. Generally, Unicode text does not encode presentation forms, but for compatibility reasons, Unicode supports the e [..]

Script whose function is to represent the primary linguistic informationin a writing system. All primary scripts represent either sound, meaning or a combination of both.

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3492.txt:

Group of strokes in a Chinese character that is treated as a unit for the purposes of sorting, indexing, and classification. A character can contain more than one element that is recognized as a radic [..]

Property of characters which represent numbers.

Diacritical form used with the Brahmi family of Indic scripts to create new letter symbols. Its appearance is similar or identical to the form taken by the Unicode character NON-SPACING DOT BELOW, U+0 [..]

Combining character whose positioning in presentation is dependent on its base character.

Process or result of:

In an MDMP system, the following tables are considered to be multiple code page dependent:

1. Process of selecting and laying out glyphs for the purpose of depicting characters.

Collection of characters represented by a character set.

Glyph used to render a character that cannot be rendered with the correct appearance in a particular font. It often is shown as an open or black rectangle.

Minimally distinctive unit of meaning in the context of a particular language.

Writing system which maps its symbols onto the morphemes of the language being represented.

Form of a document in which its content and formatting information can be edited or revised. A Unicode plain text file is a form of a revisable form document.

Result of adding additional information to Plain Text Examples of information that can be added: font data, visual appearance, e.g., color, formatting information, phonetic annotations, interlinear te [..]

Screen layout in which texts are displayed from right to left. Used for Hebrew and Arabic texts.

SAP solution for language support. Stands for Multiple Display, Multiple Processing.

In an MDMP system, more than one code page can be used on the application server, in order to allow languages to be used together in one system, although the characters used by those languages are not [..]

Character that assumes different glyphic forms depending on the context.

System using only one system codepage. This can be either:

The mapping of 256 individual characters to their identifying code values.

Diacritic or non-spacing mark which represents a phonemic tone.

A computer architecture that stores multiple-byte numerical values with the least significant byte values first and the most significant byte values last.

Minimally distinct sound in the context of a particular spoken language.

Writing system which maps the symbols it employs onto the phonemes of the language being represented.

Ordering of character code elements within a string such that the order corresponds to a particular external order.

1. Process of separating or analyzing a text element into component units. These component units may not have any functional status, but may be simply formal units, that is, abstract shapes.

Combining character sequence that does not start with a base character.

1. A script or a form of a script used to write the vernacular or common speech of some language community.

A symbol or sign that represents a vowel and that is attached or combined with another symbol, usually one that represents a consonant. For example, in writing systems based on Arabic, Hebrew, and Ind [..]

1. A mark applied or attached to a symbol to create a new symbol that represents a modified or new value.

A rectangular region on a display device within which one or more glyphs are imaged.

The order of glyphs presented in text rendering.

Tool which helps to perform and control the unload and the load process distributed among multiple machines during the system copy procedure.

One of a number of character sets defined for representing Chinese, Japanese, or Korean text (for example, JIS X 0208-1990).

Storage or transmission format of characters in a character set.

In the context of text processing, the process or result of establishing whether two text elements are identical in some respect.

A font in which each glyph is assigned a numeric code value, called a glyph code. In many traditional systems, a font page is considered to a code page in a one-to-one correspondence; in these cases, [..]

A collection of glyphs used for the visual depiction of character data.

Printing Unicode Text with Cascading Fonts

1. An abstract form which represents one or more glyph images, and which is used to visually depict encoded character data.

A code value which refers to a glyph.

Label used to refer to a glyph within a font.

A collection of properties that specify the relative size along with other features of a glyph.

Collection of information which specifies the desired shape of a glyph. For example, bitmaps, vectors, and outlines are common forms taken by glyph shapes.

In the Devanagari script, and certain other scripts of the Brahmi family of Indic scripts, a dead consonant may be depicted in the so-called half-form. This form is composed of the distinctive part of [..]

Characters of East Asian character sets whose glyph image occupies half of the character display cell. In legacy character sets, halfwidth characters are normally encoded in a single byte.

Ideographic characters of Chinese origin.

The name of the script used to write the Korean language.

The name for Han characters used in Korean.

The Mandarin Chinese name for Han characters.

1. Any symbol that primarily denotes an idea (or meaning) in contrast to a sound (or pronunciation).

A Unicode encoded character having a supplementary code point.

A Unicode code point between U+10000 and U+10FFFF.

Alphabet whose symbols typically represent multiple phonemes of a language. These multiple phonemes are generally combinations of consonants and vowels.

1. Element of a syllabary.

Korean name for a single element of the Hangul script.

Invisible character which effects the joining behavior of surrounding characters.

Provides XML Syntax for writing rendering code for server side controls. A control is an object which stores the server side state of a user interface element. As SAP supports a variety of languages, [..]

Process of dividing or segmenting textual information into segments that serve some text processing need.

Indic consonant character which has lost its inherent vowel.

A set of characters to be encoded.

The name for Han characters used in Japanese.

1. Changing the space between certain pairs of letters to improve the appearance of the text.

The process or result of:

ISO 639-2 Standard Definition:

Direction or orientation of writing characters within lines of text in a writing system.

A language, one or more scripts, and an orthography, which, together, account for a particular form of a written language.

In writing systems based on a script in the Brahmi family of Indic script, a consonant letter symbol normally has an inherent vowel, unless otherwise indicated. The phonetic value of this vowel differ [..]

1. An element of an alphabet. In a broad sense, includes elements of syllabaries and ideographs.

A glyph representing a combination of two or more characters.

Characters ordered as they are presented for reading (in contrast with logical order).

Name of a symbol used with Indic scripts to indicate a dead consonant.

Range of designated code points in SAP code pages whose interpretations are not specified and whose use may be determined by SAP customers.

Character in the user-definable area of SAP code pages.

Unicode/ISO/IEC 10646 open abstract character repertoire published in versions.

A subtype of blended code page.

The conversion of something in order to make it international (software engineering) The act or process of making a product suitable for international markets, typically by making text messages ea [..]