Microorganisms found in phloem tissue that resemble mycoplasmas in all respects except that they cannot yet be grown on artificial nutrient media. Formerly known as mycoplasmalike organism (MLO).

see virus structure. Also the trivial name for any member of the Capsidae, a family of plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

The anterior leathery or chitinous wings of beetles and leafhoppers; serve as coverings to the hind wings and commonly meet at rest in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum.

see resistance, active.

common name of plant diseases characterised by black lesions, usually sunken, caused by certain imperfect fungi that produce conidia in acervuli, e.g. Colletotrichum, Gloeosporium and some closely-rel [..]

see growth phases of bacteria.

Present but not manifest or visible, as a symptomless infection.

¡@ elapsed time between infection and the appearance of disease symptoms. the elapsed time between phage infection or induction and lysis of bacterial cells. the period after acquisition of virus by a [..]

see median lethal dose.

curving of the leaf lamina, generally towards, and parallel with, the midrib.